3/28 - UW 28 Flashcards
(38 cards)
What Brodmann’s areas are 4 and 6?
Premotor and motor cortices
What is the order of structures through which 1st order corticospinal (pyramindal) tracts travel through?
Premotor, motor cortex, internal capsule, midbrain, pons, decussate in the medulla, anterior horn
What is the most common cause of post-duodenal small bowel atresia?
In utero vascular accidents
In an infant with post-duodenal atresia, what etiology is indicated by a spiraling “apple peel” or “Christmas tree” deformity in the terminal ileum distal to the atresia?
SMA occlusion in utero, leading to blind-ending at the proximal jejunum
What disease is caused by a failure of neural crest cells to migrate to the intestinal wall?
Hirschsprung disease, where the submucosal and myenteric plexi do not develop. Presents as intestinal obstruction with failure to pass stool.
What congenital GI malformation is due to a failure of recanalization?
Duodenal atresia
What are the basal, long acting insulins?
BID: NPH
QD: Glargine, Detemir
What are the postprandial, short acting insulins?
IV: Regular insulin (takes 2-4 hours to work)
Post-prandial: Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine
What are the two components of MHC I molecules?
Heavy chain
B2 microglobulin
What are the two components of MHC II molecules?
Alpha and beta polypeptide chains
What is conus medullaris syndrome?
Lesions at L2: flaccid paralysis of bladder and rectum, impotence, saddle (S3-5) anesthesia
What are some causes of conus medullaris syndrome?
DIsk herniation, tumors, spinal fractures
What is cauda equina syndrome?
Compression of 2+ of its 18 spinal nerve roots
What causes cauda equina syndrome?
Typically from a massive rupture of an intervertebral disk, but can be from any trauma or space occupying lesion
What is the main cause of death with PCP?
Trauma due to violent behavior
Trendelenburg gait is due to injury to what nerve or muscle?
Nerve: superior gluteal
Muscle: gluteus medius
What is the Alveolar gas equation at sea level?
PAO2 = 150 - (PaCO2/0.8)
What two factors are important for osteoclast differentiation? What cells release it?
M-CSF and RANK-L from osteoblasts
What is a Tzanck smear used for?
HSV or VZV dx by scraping epithelial cells from the base of a vesiculoulcerative lesion
What process does EBV stimulate in B cells?
After infection of B cells, EBV stimulates “transformation” or “immortalization” where they proliferate continuously
“-cyclovir/-ciclovir” drugs are what analogs? What do they need to be active?
NucleoSide analogs, requiring phosphorylation by VIRAL kinases, then another phosphorylation by CELLULAR kinases
“-fovir” drugs are what analogs? When might they be used over “-cyclovir” drugs?
Nucleotide analogs, used when the virals lacks thymidine kinase (required to activate nucleoside analogs like cyclovir drugs)
What are the only two vitamins that are NOT adequate from breast milk?
D and K
How are vit D and vit K supplemented to infants? Which infants need this?
Exclusively breast fed infants need vit D and vit K.
Vit K is give IM at delivery to prevent hemorrhagic disease.
Vit D is given as an oral supplement.
