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4/2 - UW 39 Flashcards

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1
Q

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare complication of what disease?

A

Measles

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2
Q

What is another name for galactosyl-beta-1,4-glucose?

A

Lactose

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3
Q

How does factor V Leiden cause thrombophilia?

A

Factor Va has resists protein C cleavage

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4
Q

What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation?

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia (autosomal recessive)

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5
Q

What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to UV radiation?

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

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6
Q

What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to cross linking agents?

A

Fanconi anemia

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7
Q

What disorder is characterized by generalized chromosomal instability?

A

Bloom syndrome

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8
Q

What disorder causes defects in DNA mismatch-repair?

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

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9
Q

What changes do you see in Ataxia-telangiectasia?

A

Cerebellar atrophy (causing ataxia), oculocutaneous telangiectasia, severe immunodeficiency, cancer risk

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10
Q

What is the Schilling test?

A
  1. Oral radiolabeled vit B12
  2. IM injection unlabeled B12

Normal urinary B12 = normal absorption, thus any deficiency is due to dietary def.

Low urinary B12 = absorption issue

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11
Q

If B12 def is determined to be an absorption issue, how to differentiate between pernicious anemia and malabsorption?

A

Pernicious anemia: autoimmune destruction of parietal cells in atrophic gastritis, so giving B12 with IF would result in normal urinary B12.

Malabsorption: pancreatic insufficiency, bacterial overgrowth, short gut syndrome, so even B12 with IF would not give normal urinary excretion

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12
Q

With what drug should AIDS patients be prophylactically treated for PCP?

A

TMP-SMX (first line)

Dapsone (in case of allergy, but must check G6PD level!)

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13
Q

What are some common precipitating factors of G6PD deficiency?

A
  1. Infx
  2. Drugs (dapson, antimalarials, sulfonamide abx)
  3. DKA
  4. Fava beans
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14
Q

What is suggested by anemia, elevated LDH and indirect bilirubin, and a positive osmotic fragility test?

A

Hemolytic anemia with spherocytes

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15
Q

How does chronic hemolysis cause pigmented gallstones?

A

Increased bilirubin precipitate as calcium bilirubinate.

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16
Q

Folate deficiency requires supplement of what AA?

A

Thymidine!

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17
Q

What segment of the GI tract is affected by Hirschsprung disease?

A

Colon: migration of neural crest cells goes proximal to caudal, so rectum is always involved.

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18
Q

Where is airway resistance the highest?

A

In the medium sized bronchi

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19
Q

What are some common presentations of CMV in AIDS patients?

A

Retinitis
Esophageal ulcers
Colitis

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20
Q

What is the term for the process by which a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, integrating its genome into the bacteria?

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A

Lysogenization

21
Q

What organism gains pathogenicity by transformation of capsule genes?

Study These Flashcards
A

S. pneumoniae

22
Q

What organism gains pathogenicity by conjugation-mediated pili production?

23
Q

What organism gains pathogenicity by lysogenization-mediated exotoxin production?

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A

C. diphtheriae

24
Q

What are the selective beta blockers (b1)?

Study These Flashcards
A

Metoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol, esmolol

25
What is a common cause of injury to the long thoracic nerve?
Mastectomy
26
What is a common presentation after violent stretch between the head and shoulder?
Brachial plexus upper trunk damage: Erb-Duchenne palsy "waiter's tip" posturing. Damage to the suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerves
27
What nerve is injured by anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint or humeral neck fracture?
Axillary nerve: paralysis of deltoid, teres minor, and sensory of upper lateral arm
28
What is Dobutamine's effect?
Beta adrenergic agonist (B1 mostly, some B2 and A1) Inotropy, weakly chronotropic
29
What pathology presents as cuboidal or polygonal cells with clear abundant cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei?
Clear cell renal carcinoma
30
Where does Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma originate?
Epithelium of the Proximal Tubules
31
Amitriptyline side effects can mimic toxicity of what drug?
Atropine
32
What tumors can produce hCG in males?
Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (malignant testicular tumors)
33
Very high hCG levels can mimic what hormone, causing sweating and heat intolerance?
TSH
34
What is a common site of metastasis for Choriocarcinoma?
Lungs
35
How do organophosphates cause poisoning?
Irreversible AChE inhibition (confusion, miosis, bradycardia, low BP, flushing, diaphoresis, lacrimation, etc)
36
Derivative of Arginine?
NO
37
Derivative of Arginine + Aspartate?
Urea
38
Derivative of Glycine + Syccinyl CoA?
Heme
39
Derivative of Glycine, arginine, and SAM?
Creatinine
40
Derivative of Glutamate?
GABA, glutathione
41
Derivative of Glutamine + Aspartate?
Pyrimidines
42
Derivative of Glutamine, aspartate and glycine?
Purines
43
Derivative of Histidine?
Histamine
44
Derivative of Tyrosine?
DA, Epi, NE, Thyroxine, Melanin
45
Derivative of Tryptophan?
5-HT, Melatonin, Niacin
46
Temporal lobe involvement is characteristic of what viral infx?
HSV-1 encephalitis
47
What are the proto-oncogenes?
"SIS! Are you ABLe to take the RAScals MYC and ERB to TGiF?" sis (astrocytoma, osteosarcoma) abl (CML, ALL) ras (lung, pancreas, colon, kidney, bladder) N-myc (neuroblastoma, SCC) ERB (B1: Squamous cell carcinoma, B2: breast and ovarian) TGFa (astrocytoma, HC carcinom)
48
What are characteristic findings in multiple myeloma?
Normocytic, normochromic anemia, IL-1 and IL-6 secretion (bone resorption, osteopenia, lytic lesions, hyperCa), abnormal plasma cells secrete abnormal antibodies, AMYLOID birefringence on Congo red stain (apple-green), renal failure

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