4/5 - UW 48

Question 1

How is influenza infx PREVENTED?

Answer 1

Ab against hemagglutinin

Question 2

What pancreatic cells secrete somatostatin?

Answer 2

delta cells

Question 3

Since somatostatin decreases release of both glucagon and insulin, is the result a hypo or hyperglycemia?

Answer 3

Somatostatin INHIBITION of INSULIN > glucagon, so hyperglycemia results

Question 4

What enzyme stimulates gallbladder emptying?

Answer 4

CCK

Question 5

What enzyme stimulates release of pancreatic bicarb?

Answer 5

Secretin

Question 6

What neoplasms are associated with type B (antral) gastritis?

Answer 6

Gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 7

Attempted ligation of what artery could result in damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 7

Inferior thyroid artery

Question 8

What nerve courses with the superior thyroid artery? Inferior?

Answer 8

Superior: external laryngeal nerve
Inferior: recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 9

Accumulation of sphingomyelin in splenic cells is seen in what disease?

Answer 9

Niemann-Pick

Question 10

Accumulation of glucocerebrosides in splenic cells is seen in what disease?

Answer 10

Gaucher

Question 11

Which type of muscle fiber is slow twitch? Fast?

Answer 11

Slow: type I
Fast: type II

Question 12

What is the difference between type IIa and IIb muscle fibers?

Answer 12

IIa: ATP via aerobic metabolism, but still fast twitch
IIb: ATP via glycolysis, also fast twitch

Question 13

What hormone is produced by the supraoptic nuclei?

Answer 13

ADH

Question 14

What hormone is produced by the paraventricular nuclei?

Answer 14

Oxytocin

Question 15

Where is ADH is produced?

Answer 15

Supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus, secreted by the posterior pituitary

Question 16

Where is oxytocin produced?

Answer 16

Paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus

Question 17

Which hypothalamic nuclei HEAT you up, and which ones COOL you down?

Answer 17

HEAT: POSTERIOR nuclei regulate heat conservation and production

COLD: ANTERIOR nuclei regulate vasodilation and sweating

Question 18

What virus causes acute gingivostomatitis?

Answer 18

HSV-1

Question 19

What is the preferred medication for treating gestational DM?

Answer 19

Insulin (NOT metformin)

Question 20

Which HBV antibody is present during the “window period”?

Answer 20

Anti-HBc IgM

Window period = both HBsAg and anti-HBs are absent

Question 21

A lung hamartoma is also called what?

Answer 21

Pulmonary chondroma

Question 22

What is a hamartoma?

Answer 22

Excessive growth of a tissue type that is NATIVE to the organ

Question 23

What tissues types are in lung hamartomas?

Answer 23

Hyaline cartilage, fat, smooth muscle, respiratory epithelium

Question 24

What is suggested by a solitary “coin lesion” in the peripheral lung?

Answer 24

Hamartoma, benign and generally asymptomatic

Question 25

What does a "Sister Mary Joseph" nodule indicate?

Answer 25

Metastatic gastric carcinoma

Question 26

What coagulation factors are contained in cryoprecipitate?

Answer 26

``` Cold soluble proteins: Factor VIII Fibrinogen vWF Vitronectin ```

Question 27

What do you call RBC extravasation into the skin or subq tissue of the following sizes: 1cm

Answer 27

1cm: ecchymoses These do NOT blanch because the RBCs are extravascular

Question 28

What are lentigos?

Answer 28

Age spots

Question 29

What are telangiectasias?

Answer 29

small, focal, permanent dilations of superficial capillaries and venules. They do blanch.

Question 30

Persistent deficit to memory and learning (Korsakoff syndrome) after treatment of thiamine deficiency is due to damage to which nuclei?

Answer 30

Anterior and Dorsomedial thalamic nuclei "Confabulation" is present

Question 31

Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome is from deficiency of what vitamin?

Answer 31

Thiamine (B1)

Question 32

What cells have BRAF?

Answer 32

Melanocytes

Question 33

What is the mutation seen in many melanomas?

Answer 33

BRAF V600E mutation

Question 34

What does Vemurafenib inhibit?

Answer 34

Mutated BRAF (protein kinase) in melanocytes

Question 35

What are the 3 terms that refer to the lack of upper vagina development (short vagina) with variable uterine development?

Answer 35

Vaginal agenesis Mullerian aplasia Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome

Question 36

What parts of the female sexual anatomy comes from the Mullerian ducts?

Answer 36

Fallopian tubes to the upper vagina | NOT the ovaries, or lower vagina

Question 37

Rupture of the middle meningeal artery causes what type of hemorrhage?

Answer 37

Epidural (arterial, more pressure, more sudden; lucid interval)

Question 38

Rupture of what vessels can cause a subdural hematoma?

Answer 38

Bridging cortical veins (slow bleed, insidious onset)

Question 39

What is a PrP?

Answer 39

Prion Protein, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 40

What type of transformation is seen in the gray matter in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

Answer 40

Spongiform change in the gray matter due to prion accumulation

Question 41

What is Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome?

Answer 41

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, presenting with recurrent severe epistaxis and telangiectasias of the skin and mucosa

Question 42

What is Von Recklinghausen's disease?

Answer 42

NF1 (peripheral nervous system tumor presenting with neurofibromas, optic nerve gliomas, Lisch nodules, and cafe au lait spots)

Question 43

What do patients with NF2 present with?

Answer 43

Bilateral CN VIII schwannomas and multiple meningiomas

Question 44

Schwannomas and meningiomas in a patient probably means they have what disease?

Answer 44

NF2

Question 45

Skull radiographs showing "tram-track" calcifications is characteristic of what syndrome?

Answer 45

Sturge-Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis)

Question 46

What is the clinical presentation of the "maintenance" phase of ATN?

Answer 46

(24-36 hrs after initiation phase) 1. increased ECF: edema, pulm congestion 2. HyperK (peaked T waves when K is >6) 3. High AGMA 4. HypO: Na, Ca 5. HypER: phosphate, Mg 6. Muddy brown casts!!!!!

Question 47

What is the clinical presentation of the "recovery" phase of ATN?

Answer 47

(1-2 weeks after onset) Extreme polyuria HypO: K, Ca, Mg, PO4