ASN QBank Pearls - CKD and ESRD Flashcards
(62 cards)
treatment of dialysis catheter-related infection with Staph epidermidis bacteremia with an antibiotic lock has what success rate?
about 75%
treatment of dialysis catheter-related bacteremia with an antibiotic lock is most successful with what type of infections and what success rate?
gram-negative, about 90%
treatment of dialysis catheter-related infection with Staph aureus bacteremia with an antibiotic lock has what success rate?
about 40%
randomized, controlled trial, that showed giving CKD and ESRD patients LDL-lowering therapy with simvastatin and ezetimibe had a significant 17% reduction in major atherosclerotic events over 5 years of study
SHARP (Study of Heart and Renal Protection) trial
- does alkali therapy slow progression of CKD?
- how?
- yes!
- reduces tubulointerstitial damage by limiting inflammatory urinary biomarkers such as endothelin (ET) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β
the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) trial indicated intensive glycemic control of T2DM does not decrease incidence of
nephropathy and cardiovascular mortality
the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) trial indicated intensive BP control in T2DM was associated with
greater progression of nephropathy
patients with this condition have normalization of BP and serum K+ during pregnancy
primary hyperaldosteronism pq increase in progesterone levels antagonizes effects of aldosterone
progression of kidney disease strongly relates to the presence of two risk variants in
APOL1 with AR pattern of inheritance
diabetes medication associated with increased renal salt retention and the development of edema
glitazonas
cephalosporin drug accumulation does not usually occur until GFR is
< 30 ml/min/1.73 m2
regular loading dose then 75% of usual maintenance dose at regular intervals
antibiotic dosing in CKD patient with acute pyelonephritis
regular dosing and intervals (difficult to treat)
progression from CKD stage 3-4 to ESRD in ADPKD can be favorably influenced by?
nothing
resistant upper urinary tract infections in patients with PKD and CKD stage V are BEST managed by?
fluoroquinolones
what is the incidence of cerebral aneurysms in patients with ADPKD within a family cluster?
20%
in all patients with PKD, the incidence of cerebral aneurysms is close to
2-5%
cerebral aneurysms should monitored if what size?
5 to 10 mm
what size cerebral aneurysm is at higher risk of rupture?> 10 mm
what size cerebral aneurysm is at higher risk of rupture?> 10 mm
> 10 mm
in patients with the phenotype of ADPKD, what is the second most common complication?
polycystic LIVER disease
mitral valve prolapse is present in what percentage of patients with ADPKD?
10-15%
renal stones are present in what percentage of patients with ADPKD?
20%
MOST effective initial approach to increase small solute clearance in PD
add a DAY exchange
BEST approach to management of PD patient at time of hernia repair
supine, low-volume exchanges x 4–6 weeks
treatment of hemoperitoneum in young, menstruating women if fluid fails to clear after in-and-out exchanges
add HEPARIN to dialysate to prevent blood from clotting
empiric therapy for PD-related peritonitis initially requires adequate coverage for
both gram-positive organisms and for gram-negative organisms
