Urinary Tract Obstruction

Question 1

principal causes of uto in < 10 yo

Answer 1

1. ureteral/urethral stricture

2. Neurologic abn

Question 2

most common ultrasonographic abn found in fetal urinary tract

Answer 2

hydronephrosis

Question 3

most common cause of hydronephrosis in fetuses and young children

Answer 3

upj obstruction

Question 4

lipophilic antiretroviral therapy

Answer 4

sulfadiazine

Question 5

most common cause of ureteral obstruction in younger men

Answer 5

nephrolithiasis

Question 6

most common nephrolithiasis

Answer 6

calcium oxalate

Question 7

forms staghorn calculit

Answer 7

struvite (ammonium-magnesium-sulfate) + cysteine stones

Question 8

from sickle cell disease, amyloidosis, analgesic abuse, acute pyeloneph; intrinsic, intralluminal, intraureteral acquired cause of obstruction

Answer 8

papillary necrosis

Question 9

causes of ureteral strictures

Answer 9

schistosomiasis, TB, nsaid, instrumentation

Question 10

most common duration of temporary obstruction in pregnancy

Answer 10

third trimester

Question 11

predisposition to severe obstruction

Answer 11

mutliple fetuses, polyhydramnios, gravid uterus, solitary kidney

Question 12

management for severe obstruction in pregnancy

Answer 12

ureteral stent

Question 13

second most common cause of extrinsic obstruction in women

Answer 13

pelvic malignancies

Question 14

most common cause of UTO in men

Answer 14

BPH

Question 15

most common cause of malignant genitourinary tumors

Answer 15

cervical ca

Question 16

second most common malignant GU tumors

Answer 16

bladder cancer

Question 17

most common cause of urinary obstruction of vascular cause

Answer 17

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 18

pain in obstruction is a result of

Answer 18

abrupt stretching of the renal capsule or the wall of the collecting system (C-type sensory fibers)

Question 19

microscopic hematuria wihtout proteinuria

Answer 19

calculus or tumor

Question 20

pyuria and bacteriuria

Answer 20

pyelonephritis

Question 21

bacteriuria

Answer 21

stasis

Question 22

refers to the excretion of urine show sp.g is neither greather nor less than that of protein free plasma (1.008-1.012); reflects damage to kidney’s tubules or medulla

Answer 22

isosthenuria

Question 23

high urine pH, isosthenuric urine, UNa >20, FeNa >1, UOsm < 350

Answer 23

distal tubular dysfunction

Question 24

diagnostic study of choice for evaluation of patient with acute flank pain

Answer 24

helical CT

Question 25

diagnostic required for nephrolithiasis sec to HIV protease inhibitors (indinavir)

Answer 25

contrast enhanced CT

Question 26

diagnosing upper urinary tract obstruction and information on the differential renal function of both kidneys

Answer 26

renal scintigraphy or isotopic renography

Question 27

functional effect of upper urinary tract dilation by measuring hydrostatic pressures in the renal pelvis and bladder during infusion of saline and contrast mixture via catheter

Answer 27

whitaker test

Question 28

whitaker test result that is obstructed

Answer 28

> 22 cmH20

< 15 cm H20, nonobstructed

Question 29

2 phases of obstruction

Answer 29

early hyperemic phase (2-3 hours)

late vasoconstrictive phase (2-3 hours)

Question 30

dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to the point of obstruction

Answer 30

hydronephrosis

Question 31

blockage of urine flow due to a functional or structural derangement from tip of urethra back to renal pelvis

Answer 31

obstructive uropathy

Question 32

functional or pathologic parenchymal damage secondary to blockade of urine flow

Answer 32

obstructive nephropathy

Question 33

distinguish between hydronephrosis or pelvic dilation with obstruction and dilation without obstruction

Answer 33

diuretic renography

Question 34

noninvasive information about differential renal function of both kidneys

Answer 34

isotopic renography

Question 35

decrease in SNgFR due to afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and a decrease in Pgc

Answer 35

Late vasoconstrictive phase

Question 36

mediated by vasodilator prostaglandins; inc in hydraulic pressure along Pgc, maintauned sngfr, afferent arteriolar vasodilation

Answer 36

Early hyperemic phase

Question 37

Neurogenic bladder tx

Answer 37

intermittent catheterization