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Nefrologia PT > Lect 3 - Block 3 - Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Lect 3 - Block 3 - Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

Filtered load is _________ x __________
It is the quantity of a compound that enters Bowman’s capsule each minute

A

GFR x filtrate concentration

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2
Q

Blood flow through kidney:

A

Renal artery, arterial branches, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerular capillary, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary, venous branches, renal vein

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3
Q

Filtration fraction

A

GFR/renal plasma flow = filtration fraction

Percent of plasma which is filtered by the renal glomerulus and enters Bowman’s capsule
Usually about 20% of total RPF

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4
Q

Tubular system order of flow

A

Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle (thin descending, thin ascending, thick ascending), distal tubule, cortical collecting duct, medullary collecting duct, renal papilla, ureter, bladder, urethra

2 tipos de néfrons

Juxtamedullary nephrons
Cortical nephrons

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5
Q

Ultrafiltrate first enters where?

A

Bowman’s capsule

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6
Q

Glomerular capillaries get what percent of cardiac output?

A

20-25%
1200-1300mL/min

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7
Q

2 capillary beds of the kidney

A

Glomerular: 1300mL/min
Peritubular capillaries
Cortex: 1000mL/min
Outer medulla: 240mL/min
Vasa recta to inner medulla: 60mL/min

Cortex and outer medulla get most do the peritubular capillary blood flow

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8
Q

Plasma is what percent of blood?

A

55% (other 45% are RBC’s)

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9
Q

Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) =

A

RBF(1-hematocrit) = RBF
600-700mL/min (both kidneys)

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10
Q

GFR is normally

A

125mL/min (120-140 - both kidneys)

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11
Q

Urine production rate is normally about _______, and ranges from _____ to _____

A

1mL/min, ranges from 0.4 to 20mL/min

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12
Q

Filtration fraction is ______ if preglomerular resistance changes
Filtration fraction is ______ if postglomerular resistance changes

A

constant
altered

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13
Q

Kidneys use autoregulation for blood pressure. The normal BP range is from ___to___mmHg, and changes in BP within this range (do/don’t) alter renal blood flow or GFR.

A

80-150mmHg
changes in this range don’t alter renal blood flow or GFR

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14
Q

Kidney blood flow control - autoregulation
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Tubuloglomerular feedback
  2. Myogenic
  3. Prostaglandins
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15
Q

Kidneys shut down at blood pressures less than ____mmHg

A

50mmHg

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16
Q

Blood flow (is/isn’t) controlled by metabolism in kidneys

A

isn’t

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17
Q

Even though GFR doesn’t change with blood pressure, the rate of urine formation is directly tied to arterial blood pressure. This is called ______ ________, where increase in arterial pressure causes an increase in the rate of urine production

A

pressure diuresis

18
Q

Sympathetic innervation of kidneys
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. mostly afferent arterioles, some efferent
  2. Justaglomerular cells (renin secretion)
  3. Tubule (Na+ reabsorption)
19
Q

Hydrostatic pressure from across glomerular capillary starts at ____ and ends at _____

A

50, 40

20
Q

colloid osmotic pressure in glomerular capillary changes from ____ to ____

A

25, 30

21
Q

Hydrostatic pressure of Bowman’s capsule is ____

A

10mmHg

22
Q

Net filtration pressure across glomerular capillary is _____

A

10mmHg outward (15 at afferent arteriole side, 0 at efferent arteriole side)

23
Q

Filtration is dependent on 5 things

A
  1. permeability
  2. capillary hydrostatic pressure
  3. filtrate oncotic pressure
  4. plasma oncotic pressure
  5. filtrate hydrostatic pressure
    (filtrate oncotic pressure is normally 0, because large oncotic proteins are not filtered)

pressao efetiva de ultrafiltracao=peuf

24
Q

Oncotic pressure due to presence of proteins in plasma (increases/decreases) as fluid flows through the glomerular capillaries

A

Increases

25
Q

Afferent arteriole is changed by ________

A

sympathetics

26
Q

Efferent arteriole is changed by ________

A

angiotensin II
tubuloglomerular feedback

27
Q

Protein oncotic pressure is changed by _______

A

plasma protein concentration
barrier integrity

28
Q

Renal blood flow:
afferent constriction causes ___RBF, ___GFR, ___Peri Reabs

A

decrease RBF, decrease GFR, increase Peri Reabs

29
Q

Renal blood flow:
efferent constriction causes ___RBF, ___GFR, ___Peri Reabs

A

decrease RBF, increase GFR, increase Peri Reabs

30
Q

Renal blood flow:
afferent dilation causes ___RBF, ___GFR, ___Peri Reabs

A

increase RBF, increase GFR, decrease Peri Reabs

31
Q

Renal blood flow:
efferent dilation causes ___RBF, ___GFR, ___Peri Reabs

A

increase RBF, decrease GFR, decrease Peri Reabs

32
Q

3 layers filtrate passes through from glomerular capillaries to Bowman’s capsule

A

barreira de filtracao

  1. Capillary endo (fenestrated), keeps RBC’s out ENDOTELIO
  2. Basement membrane, has a “-“ charge, keeps proteins out MBG
  3. Bowman’s capsule epi. small holes that do more filtering of big particles=estruturas podocitarias

resitencia por tamanho e carga eletronegativa

33
Q

3 things that are freely filtered

A

H2O, NaCl, Glucose

34
Q

Inulin is used to measure _____ and is filtered at about 90%

A

GFR

35
Q

____ charged particles are easier to filter through the basement membrane into Bowman’s capsule

A

Positively

36
Q

The loss of negative charge in the basement membrane in the kidney is a consequence of this long-term disease.

A

Diabetes, due to glycosylation of the basement membrane proteins

37
Q

The loss of negative charge in the basement membrane in the kidney is a consequence of this infection.

A

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, where antibodies created in response to strep infection attack the glomerular basement membrane

38
Q

GFR is maintained even though the number of nephrons is lost in chronic kidney disease. This is because the remaining nephrons…

A

have a compensatory increase in glomerular filtration rate

39
Q

The body can tolerate a loss of 1/2 of the nephrons and still maintain ____% of GFR

A

90%

40
Q

Administering an ACE inhibitor will cause a(an) ____ in GFR and a _____ in filtration fraction. This is because the ____ arteriole is dilated

A

decrease, no change, efferent

41
Q

During malignant hypertension, administering an ace inhibitor will __________ GFR. This is due to dilation of the ________ arteriole

A

Decrease, efferent

Nefrologia PT (112 decks)

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