anatomy Flashcards
(20 cards)
Every amino acid is the same except for a ______
There are ____ diff types of these
Function
20
Every amino acid has ______,________,_______,_____,_______.
Carbon, amine group, hydrogen, carboxylic acid, and a function (r groups)
Proteins can be
Pigments -absorb light energy (photosynthesis) -absorb light Sotheby's don't damage skin cells Hormones Proteins -help body break down sugars Channels in cell membrane Transport substances in body -hemoglobin in blood Structural -keratin in hair, nails
How are proteins synthesized?
Sequence of bases in DNA that determines sequence of amino acids in a protein
4 levels of structure
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
4th level
Primary
Sequence of amino acids
Secondary
Interactions with hydrogen bonds btwn amine group and carboxyl group
Tertiary
Interactions of the r groups forms a unique 3D shape
Fourth level
How polypeptides fit together
Enzymes
Actual protein doing the work
Acts as a catalyst
Speed up chemical reaction
Lowers activation energy
Environmental factors that affect enzyme function
Denaturation
Noncompetitive and competitive inhibitors
Changes in ph level
Changes in heat/temperature
Noncompetive vs competitive
Similarity
-both slow down rate of reaction
Difference
-competitive inhibitors bind to active site
Inhibitors
Inhibits rate of reaction
Prevents substrates from binding with enzyme
Substrate
What the enzyme acts on (reactant)
Active site
Part of the enzyme doing the reaction, place where reaction takes place in the enzyme
Competitive
Round toothpicks
Noncompetitive
Hitting arm
Denaturation
Damage to enzyme structure
Tape
Water is _____
Polar
Polar
Means it has two poles
Causes molecules to stick together forming hydrogen bonds (cohesion)
-Makes water a good solvent(bcuz polar molecules stick to other polar molecules)
