anatomy inflammation etc Flashcards
(32 cards)
5 symptoms of inflammation
Redness Swelling Pain Heat Disturbance of function
Inflammation
Process that occurs when tissues are damaged
Why is inflammation beneficial?
Bcuz it mobilizes bodies defenses, isolates and destroys micro organisms, foreign materials and damaged cells so the tissue repair can proceed.
“-itis”
Means the structure is inflamed
Mediators of inflammation
Chemical substance released into the capillaries around the tissue when tissue is injured
Why is dilation of blood vessels a benefit?
It brings white blood cells, oxygen, and nutrients to the damaged area.
Why the increased permeability of blood vessels a benefit?
Bcuz it allows white blood cells, nutrients, etc to more easily access the damaged area.
Neutrophils
Fight bacteria
Macrophages
Clean up tissue debris. (Large) (eating)
Pus
Mixture of dead neutrophils, other cells and fluid
Chronic inflammation
Occurs when the agent responsible for the injury is not removed
Steps when tissue is injured
- Mediators of inflammation cause blood vessels to dilate
- Other mediators increase permeability of blood vessels
- Edema results when water, proteins, and other substances from the blood move into the tissues. One of the proteins, fibrin, form a fibrous network that walls off the injured area from the rest of the body
- White blood cells rush to the area
Why is this fibrin network a benefit?
It keeps the bacteria in one place, walls it off, separates the damaged area from the healthy tissue
Tissue repair
Substitution of viable cells for dead cells
Regeneration
New cells of the same type form (function is restored)
Replacement
Tissue is replaced with connective tissue (forms scars)
Cells can be classified into three groups on the basis of
Their ability to divide and produce new cells.
Labile
Stable
Permanent
Labile
Continue to divide throughout life; easily repaired
Ex. Skin. Mucous membrane. Epithelial cells
Stable
Do not actively divide after a person’s growth stops, but can divide after an injury
Ex. Connective tissue, liver, pancreas
Permanent
Little or no ability to divide; replaced with connective tissue
Ex. Neurons, nerve cells.
Stem cell
Can divide and give rise to more differentiated cells as well as more stem cells
What determines whether repair is by replacement or regeneration?
Severity of the injury
Location or type of cell
Steps of repairing the skin
Step 1
Clot formation
Clot contains fibrin that binds the edges of the wound together and stops the bleeding
The top edges of the clot may dry and form a scab and the area becomes inflamed
Repair of the skin step 2
New epidermis grows around edges and under wound
