nutrition exam 4 part 3

Question 0

Iron

Answer 0

Iron is a trace mineral
Component of oxygen-carrying molecules
◦Hemoglobin
◦Myoglobin (muscle)
Component of cytochromes
◦Electron carriers within the metabolic pathways
◦CHO, fats and protein

Question 1

Vitamins and minerals tht maintain healthy blood

Answer 1

Iron
Zinc
Copper
Vitamin K
Folate
Vitamin B12

Question 2

Factors that promote iron absorption

Answer 2

◦Meat factor:things present that help you absorb iron (both heme and non heme)
◦Stomach acids: need it to get iron in correct form
◦Vitamin C: absorbic acid, enhancing uptake by enterocytes

Question 3

Factors that impair iron absorption

Answer 3

◦Phytates: literally bind to iron so can’t get it out
◦Polyphenols:phytochemicals (tea, coffee, wine)
◦Fiber:literally bind to iron so can’t get it out
◦Calcium: competing for same sites, CA wins

Question 4

Bio availability of iron

Answer 4

May have many sources, but only absorb a certain percent of it
◦Vegan diet ≈1-10%
◦Typical Western diet ≈14−18%

Question 5

Iron transport and storage

Answer 5

Iron transport
◦Transferrin: iron-transport protein in blood
◦Receptors transport iron into cells
◦Cells ↑or ↓number of receptors based on needs
Iron stored as ferritin

Question 6

Recommended Intake for iron

Answer 6

◦8 mg/day for adult men
◦18 mg/day for women of childbearing age
◦27 mg/day for pregnant women

Question 7

Foot strike hemolysis

Answer 7

Intense endurance exercise
Loss of red blood cells
As running, RBCs in fee rupture from force

Question 8

Iron toxicity

Answer 8

◦Accidental iron overdose: most common cause of poisoning deaths in children
◦Hemochromatosis: concerned about these ppl getting too much vitamin C and Iron

Question 9

Iron deficiency

Answer 9

◦Most common nutrient deficiency in the world
Causes
◦Poor dietary intakes
◦Iron losses in blood and sweat
◦Diets high in fiber or phytates
◦Low stomach acid
◦Poor iron absorption
◦Excess mineral supplementation

Question 10

Stages of iron deficiency

Answer 10

1.Iron depletion
◦Caused by a decrease in iron stores
2.Iron-deficiency erythropoiesis
◦Occurs with decreased iron transport
3.Iron-deficiency anemia
◦Microcytic anemia
◦Decreased RBC size
◦Normal, healthy red blood cell production is reduced
◦Inadequate hemoglobin