EXS 295 emergency oxygen Flashcards
(22 cards)
To operate a BVM
- squeeze the bag to open the one way valve and force air into the lungs
- release the bag to close the valve and allow air to refill it
- requires two rescuers
- one positions and seals the mask- the other squeezes the bag
BVM
3 parts
Bag, valve, mask
Advantages of using a BVM
- increased O2 levels in the victims blood (uses ambient air rather than air exhaled by the rescuer)
- ability to connect to emergency oxygen
- prevention of disease transmission
Emergency oxygen
- Breathing or cardiac emergency reduces the supply of oxygen to the brain, heart, and rest of the body
- results in hypoxia
- emergency oxygen allows delivery of a higher percentage of oxygen
Normal breathing rates
Adult: 12-20 breaths per minute
Child: 15-39 BPM
Infant: 25-50 BPM
When to use emergency oxygen
- adult fewer than 12BPM or greater than 20 BPM
- child fewer than 15BPM or greater than 30
- infant fewer than 25BPM or greater than 50
- or when victim of smoke inhalation, victim of suspected carbon monoxide poisoning, or victims of respiratory distress or failure
Hyperoxia
- condition in which an excess of oxygen reaches the cells
- short term should not cause problems for most victims
- desirable for victims of carbon monoxide poisoning
Variable flow rate oxygen system
- adjustable flow rate 0-15 (2PM)
- can deliver a large amnt of oxygen
- can be used with a variety or equipment
- requires assembly and setup for use
- system consists of : oxygen cylinder, regulator with pressure gauge and flow meter, delivery device
Fixed flow rate oxygen system
- uses a preset flow rate, usually 15 liters per minute (LPM), or a dual high/low setting
- preassembled
- limited types of delivery devices can be used
- concentration of oxygen delivered is limited
Prior to use check
- for leaks, abnormal bulging, defective or inoperative valves
- rust, corrosion
- foreign substances or residues
- should have had proper hydrostatic testing
- marked appropriately (USP, yellow diamond, green exterior)
Oxygen delivery devices
nasal cannulas, resuscitation masks, non-rebreather masks, and bag-valve-mask resuscitators (BVMs)
Emergency oxygen safety
- if using AED, make sure no one is in contact with the victim or the resuscitation equipment
- ?
Assembling oxygen system
- Check the cylinder
- Clear the valve
- Attach the regulator
- Open the cylinder and check pressure, counterclockwise one full turn (200 psi or less, close valve and get a new tank)
- Attach delivery device
- Turn on delivery device (turn on flow meter to proper setting)
- Make sure air is going before placing mask on victim
Causes of hypoxia
- obstructed airway
- shock
- strangulation
- drowning
- head trauma
- cardiac arrest
Emergency oxygen precautions
Do not stand oxygen cylinders upright unless they are well secured. If the cylinder falls, the regulator or valve could become damaged or cause injury due to the intense pressure in the tank.
■ Do not use oxygen around flames or sparks, including smoking materials such as cigarettes, cigars and pipes. Oxygen causes fire to burn more rapidly and intensely.
■ If defibrillating, make sure that no one is touching or is in contact with the victim or the resuscitation equipment. Do not defibrillate someone when around flammable materials, such as free-flowing oxygen or gasoline.
■ Do not use grease, oil or petroleum products to lubricate or clean the regulator. This could cause an explosion.
■ Do not drag or roll cylinders.
■ Do not carry a cylinder by the valve or regulator.
■ Do not hold on to protective valve caps or guards when moving or lifting cylinders.
■ Do not deface, alter or remove any labeling or markings on the oxygen cylinder.
■ Do not attempt to mix gases in an oxygen cylinder or transfer oxygen from one cylinder
to another
Nasal cannula
Held in place over the victim’s ears; oxygen is delivered at a low level through two small prongs inserted into the nostrils
1-6 LPM
Up to 44% oxygen
Breathing only, usually used on victims who are unable to tolerate a mask
Non-rebreather mask
Face mask with an attached oxygen reservoir bag and one-way valve between the mask and bag; victim inhales oxygen from the bag and exhaled air escapes through flutter valves on the side of the mask
10-15 LPM
Up to 90% oxygen
Breathing only
Resuscitation mask
Pliable, dome- shaped breathing device that fits over the mouth and nose
6-15 LPM
Up to 55% oxygen (35-55)
Breathing and non breathing
BVM (LPM, etc)
Hand-held breathing device consisting of a self-inflating bag, a one-way valve and a face mask
15LPM
90% oxygen and up
Breathing and non breathing
Pulse oximetry
- measures the % of oxygen saturation in the blood
- use during primary assessment
- use whenever a victims oxygenation is a concern - 95% or above is good
- hypoxia is indicated below 94% (emergency oxygen needed)
- never withhold oxygen from a victim who appears to be in respiratory distress or when it is the standard of care to apply oxygen
Steps for using pulse oximetry
- turn on machine and allow for self tests
- remove any nail polish
- apply to victims finger, earlobe
- Let the machine register the oxygen saturation level
- verify the victim’s pulse rate on the oximeter with the actual pulse of the victim.
- Monitor and record the victim’s saturation levels while administering emergency oxygen.
- If the oxygen level reaches 100 percent
- decrease the flow rate of oxygen
- change to a lower-flowing delivery device.
Limitations
-hypo-perfusion, poor perfusion (shock).
-Cardiac arrest (absent perfusion to fingers).
-Excessive motion of the victim during the reading.
–Fingernail polish (remove it using an acetone wipe).
-Carbon monoxide poisoning
-Hypothermia or other cold-related illness.
-Sickle cell disease or anemia.
-Cigarette smokers
-Edema (swelling).
-Time lag in detection of respiratory insufficiency
