blood notes

Question 0

Composition of blood

Answer 0

Blood is only fluid tissue

Contains both solid and liquid parts

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

1. Transport: oxygen, co2, waste products, nutrients, heat, process molecules
2. Defense: against pathogens by white blood cells and antibodies ; against blood loss by clotting
3. Regulation: pH balance, salt and water through the kidneys, buffers ; body temperature, dilation of veins, flow of blood over muscles to the surface heat blood flow

Question 2

Formed elements

Answer 2

Solid, living blood cells
Make up 45% of the total volume of blood
Contains white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
Produced in the bone marrow of skull, ribs, vertebrae, iliac crests, and ends of long bone

Question 3

Hematocrit

Answer 3

Blood test that measures the percentage if blood attributed to red blood cells

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

Nonliving fluid matrix
Contains both water (about 90%) and dissolved substances, such as nutrients, salts, gasses, hormones, proteins, and wastes
Makes up 55% of total blood volume
Plasma proteins (mostly made by the liver), which help perform diff blood homeostasis functions

Question 5

2 types of plasma proteins

Answer 5

Albumin: regulates water balance
Globulins: diff kinds, antibodies, transport, clotting factors

Question 6

Erythrocytes

Answer 6

Red blood cells
Life cycle: make huge amounts of hemoglobin. When produced enough, eject their nucleus and organelles and collapse. Cannot grow, divide, or make proteins (bcuz they don’t contain a nucleus) so they fall apart in 100-129 days and need to be removed by the spleen or liver
Main function: carry oxygen, contain hemoglobin

Question 7

Hemoglobin

Answer 7

Molecule/pigment that binds to oxygen

Question 8

Hematopoiesis

Answer 8

Formation of blood cells

Question 9

Rate of red blood cells formation is controlled by

Answer 9

A hormone called erythropoietin (released by kidney)

Question 10

Anemia

Answer 10

Decrease in oxygen carrying abilities if blood

Question 11

2 cause if anemia

Answer 11

Lower #s if red blood cells

Abnormal or deficient hemoglobin

Question 12

Leukocytes

Answer 12

White blood cells
Larger than RBCs, have nucleus, lack hemoglobin, colorless until stained, can squeeze out of capillaries
WBC count can be useful to diagnose illness

Question 13

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Answer 13

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Question 13

Neutrophils

Answer 13

WBC

Most abundant, fight acute or short term infection

Question 14

Eosinophils

Answer 14

WBC

Fight parasitic infection, reduce allergic attack

Question 15

Basophils

Answer 15

WBC 
Release histamine (allergic reaction) and heparin (anti-clotting)

Question 16

Lymphocytes

Answer 16

WBC
Produce antibodies (proteins that attack foreign molecules)

Question 17

Monocytes

Answer 17

WBC

Clean up debris