anatomy vocab bones

Question 0

red marrow,

Answer 0

Where blood cell production occurs

Question 1

trabeculae,

Answer 1

Rods or plates found in spongy bone. Formed by lamellae

Question 2

osteocyte,

Answer 2

Mature bone cells, about 1/2 of cell population
Function: 1) maintain and monitor the mineral content of matrix
2) aids in repair by converting to osteoblasts

Question 3

osteoclast,

Answer 3

Bone breaking cells
These are giant cells w/ 50+ nuclei
Derived from white blood cells

Question 4

lamellae

Answer 4

Concentric rings of matrix surrounding the central canal

Question 5

, osteon,

Answer 5

Entire unit

Question 6

lacunae

Answer 6

Small cavities bone cells sit in

Question 7

osteoblast,

Answer 7

Bone making cell

When completely surrounded by matrix become osteocytes

Question 8

Bone repair

Answer 8

1. Blood vessels break, bleeding and clotting occur; hematoma forms
2. New capillaries grow and phagocytes dispose of dead tissue; connective tissue callus forms and “splints” break
3. Connective tissue callus is replaced by spongy bone
4. Overtime bone is remodeled

Question 9

Osteopenia

Answer 9

Inadequate ossification
Women lose 8% each decade after 30-40
Men lose 3%

Question 10

Aging causes

Answer 10

Thinning and weakening of bone

Question 11

Activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are

Answer 11

Balanced

Question 12

Skeleton helps maintain

Answer 12

Calcium homeostasis in body fluids

Question 13

When blood calcium levels drop,

Answer 13

The parathyroid glands release PTH hormone into the blood

Question 14

PTH stimulates

Answer 14

Osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium into the blood.

Question 15

When calcium blood levels are too high,

Answer 15

Calcium is deposited into the bone matrix

Question 16

Bones change throughout the lifespan

Answer 16

18% of protein and mineral components are removed and replaced each year through remodeling

Question 17

Rate differs depending on bone

Answer 17

Spongy bone is replaced fast, 2-3 times year, compact bone slow

Question 18

Mineral turnover helps bones respond to

Answer 18

Stress.
Heavily stressed bone becomes stronger
2.2-4.4 pounds of calcium stored in average human

Question 19

Ossification

Answer 19

Formation of bone

Involves the synthesis of collagen and the addition of calcium phosphate

Question 20

Osteoprogentitor

Answer 20

Partially differentiated
Stem cells that produce daughter cells that become osteoblasts
Important in repair

Question 21

A long bone that is still growing has an

Answer 21

Epiphyseal plate (composed of cartilage) between the diaphysis and epiphysis  
When growth stops cartilage is replaced by bone

Question 22

A bone’s shape helps its

Answer 22

Function.
Bony projections called a process provide sites where ligaments and tendons attach
Grooves and opening allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through
A depression of one bone may articulate with the process of another

Question 23

Canaliculi

Answer 23

Small canals that connect each lacunae to each other

Question 24

Name skeleton comes from Greek word meaning

Answer 24

Dried up body

Question 25

Skeletal system consists of

Answer 25

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

Question 26

Adult skeleton has approx

Answer 26

206 bones

Question 27

Functions

Answer 27

1. support- rigid, strong, bone is well suited for bearing weight; individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissue and organs 2. Protection- bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds. ex. Ribs, skull 3. Movement/leverage- skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons. Joints allow movement between bones (ligaments allow for some but prevent excessive movement) 4. storage- minerals (calcium and phosphorous) and fat (in yellow marrow) 5. blood cell production- in red marrow.

Question 28

Hematopoiesis

Answer 28

Blood cell formation

Question 29

Bone is also called

Answer 29

Osseus tissue

Question 30

Calcium phosphate

Answer 30

Accounts for almost 2/3 the wight of bone Remaining 1/3 dominated by collagen fibers Osteocytes and other cell types- 2% of bone mass

Question 31

, Compact bone,

Answer 31

Is dense and looks smooth and uniform ex. Femur | External layer

Question 32

Spongy bone

Answer 32

Spongy network of bone filled with small marrow filled spaces Internal layer No stress occurs in center so does not impair strength of bone

Question 33

Long bone

Answer 33

Longer than is wide

Question 34

Short bone

Answer 34

Bones in wrist and ankle, roughly cube shaped

Question 35

Flat bone

Answer 35

Thin and flat | Skull

Question 36

Irregular bone

Answer 36

Don't fit into another category | Vertebrae

Question 37

Medullary cavity

Answer 37

Very center of long bones Contains no bone tissue at all In adults filled with yellow bone marrow

Question 38

epiphysis,

Answer 38

Expanded portion on the ends Forms a joint with another bone Covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage

Question 39

Diaphysis,

Answer 39

Long portion in the middle shaft, long axis of long bone (hollow) Surrounds a central marrow cavity

Question 40

yellow marrow,

Answer 40

Fat

Question 41

articular cartilage,

Answer 41

Layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the part of the epiphysis that articulates with another bone

Question 42

periosteum,

Answer 42

Tough, outer covering of fibrous tissue that completely encloses the bone except for the articular cartilage on the ends - richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels - secured to the underlying bone by sharpey's fibers (perforating collagen fiber bundles, which are thick bundles of collagen

Question 43

Endosteum

Answer 43

Internal bone surfaces covered by a much thinner connective tissue membrane