psych final exam #2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Attribution Theory
If someone does something weird, have to attribute a cause to their behavior
Social psychology
the study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Changes things we do
SOCIAL NORM: unwritten rule that we all live by. Embedded in you, dictates how we act, they are cultural based (why foreigners screw them up)
Fundamental attribution error
Does something weird, attribute it to personality, instead of situation. (Bad cuz people’s behavior changes based on situation)
Out group:blame personality
In group: “or clique”give them the benefit of the doubt
Implicit personality theory
Certain behaviors go together. Ex) all strippers have daddy issues
Halo effect: look at beautiful person, tend to think the smart
Horns effect: see good looking guy, bet he knows he is hot
Actions affect
Attitudes and vice versus.
Attitude:belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
Cognitive dissonance
Yucky feeling you get when attitudes and behavior are not consistent
-motivated to reduce yucky feeling and return to homeostasis
Conformity vs obedience vs compliance
Conformity: yielding to perceived or real group pressure by copying the behavior and beliefs of others. Do something cuz everyone else is doing it
Obedience: order to change behavior and do it
Compliance: request to change behavior and do it
Heuristics
Rule of thumb
Most decisions are this
Routines
Ways to reduce cognitive dissonance
Change behavior
Justify behavior by changing attitude
Justify behavior by adding new cognition (rationalization: use pseudo logic, trivialization: now I smoke less)
Groups working together
Social facilitation:tend to do activity faster and better, competitive. Backfires if a difficult task, makes task harder
Social loafing: slack off
Deundividualization: mob mentality, feel anonymous
Group polarization: when the attitudes of group members become more extreme just by the group members talking about it
Groupthink – thinking of the group as our identity, which causes us to avoid advice opposite our goal, rationalize any behavior in an attempt to preserve the group and its goals
2main types of compliance
External: comply with request despite privately disagreeing
Internal: comply with request bcuz agree
Factors tht foster compliance
- positive mood
- reciprocity. problems? Favor can be uninvited and still owe them. Doesn’t matter if favor is even, still owe them
- giving reasons: heuristic- if someone asks for something and gives a reason you get what you want
Compliance strategies
Foot in the door – person secures compliance with small request and then follows it up later with larger less desirable request
- Door in the face – offers something undesirable, then follows it up with a more reasonable request
- That’s Not All – makes request but then immediately offers a discount bonus that makes the request more reasonable
- Low-balling – understating true cost until the agreement is secured
Psychodynamic perspective
Frauds. included the unconscious mind, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms
Dealt with anxiety disorders. Came from dealing with something suppressed.
Free association: talking therapy
Frauds Iceberg analogy
Conscious, preconscious, unconscious
Id
Ego
Superego
Projectile tests
Let you project what is going on in your unconscious onto so,etching else
Rorschach blot test seeks to identify personalit
Normal people misdiagnosed, lacks validation
Frauds defense mechanisms!!!
Whenever cognitively (ego) was under attack, attempt to ward off information you can't wrap your mind around Techniques used to deal with information you don't want to hear -denial -repression -regression -reaction formation -projection -rationalization -displacement -sublimation
Denial
- refusal to accept external reality (confirmation bias).
- If can’t resolve info, deny it’s even there (anorexia)
- can’t admit something is wrong with them
Repression
- banishes memory from conscious
- when something embarrassing happens try and forget about it
Regression
- retract back to an earlier time
- earlier behavior
- Freud thought retreated to infantile psychosexual stage
Reaction formation
-Info causes ego to switch
-put unacceptable impulses into opposites
For example, person denying he is gay and thinks gay is wrong
-becomes homophobic
-could bcome ladies man
Projection
-project crap onto other people
-think other person is having the feelings I myself am actually having
Ex) professor hates me, but in reality I hate me
Rationalization
Pseudological
Self justifying behavior (cognitive dissonance, try to resolve yucky feeling)
Displacement
Shift impulse towards more acceptable object. Place anger on wrong person
NEGATIVE
Angry but can’t punch boss, so kick dog
