Flashcards in Childhood Viral Infections Deck (68)
Loading flashcards...
1
Name 6 notifiable diseases
Acute meningitis
Acute poliomyelitis
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Smallpox
2
What antibodies are in breast milk?
IgG
IgA
3
Virus that causes measules
Paramyxovirus- enveloped single stranded RNA virus
4
Describe the transmission for measles
Person-person. Droplet spread
5
Infectivity of measles and incubation period
4 days before rash to 4 days after disappearance (10-12 days incubation)
6
Natural hosts for measles
Only humans
7
Clinical features of measles
Rash, fever, conjunctivitis, coryza and cough
Koplick spots 1-2 days before rash.
8
Complications of measles
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Diarrhoea
Acute encephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
9
Describe the features of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Rare, fatal, late (7-30 yrs after measles) infection in pregnancy- 20% foetal loss
10
Treatment for measles
Supportive
Antibiotics for superinfection
11
Prevention of measles
MMR-1yr
12
Describe the causative organism for chicken pox
Varicella Zoster Virus-herpes virus- DNA virus
13
How is VZV transmitted?
Respiratory spread/personal contact
14
Incubation period for VZV
14-15 days
15
Infectivity of VZV
2 days before onset of rash until vesicles dry up.
16
Describe the rash in VZV
Centripetal (starts on trunk and diffuses peripherally)
Macular?papular>vesicuar>papular
17
Complications of VZV
Pneumonitis (increased risk for smokers)
CNS involvement
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Shingle (zoster)
18
Treatment for VZV
Aciclovir
Chlorpheniramine can relieve itch (>1yr)
19
Prevention for VZV
Live vaccine- 2 doses (not routine)
VZ immunoglobulins given in high risk cases
20
Where is Rubella a problem?
Poland
21
Causative organism for rubella
Togavirus, RNA virus
22
Transmission for rubella
Droplet spread
23
Incubation period for rubella
14-21 days
24
Infectivity of rubella
1 wk before rash to 4 days after
25
Clinical features of rubella
50% infectious children are asymptomatic. Non specific prodrome. Lymphadenopathy. V. non specific rash-behind ears, face and neck
26
Complications of rubella
Thrombocytopenia. Post infectious encephalitis, arthritis
27
Complications of rubella in pregnancy
'congenital rubella syndrome'- more severe when contracted early in pregnancy.
Cateracts and other eye defects
Deafness
Cardiac abnormalities
Microcephaly
Retardation of intra-uterine growth
Inflammatory lesions of brain, liver, lungs and bone marrow
28
When in pregnancy is there a high risk of transmission of rubell?
less than 11 wks- 90% rish of transmission
Over 20 wks, no increased risk
29
Diagnosis of rubella
Serology IgG +ve for 3 months
30
