Flashcards in Pathoma Carcinogenesis II Deck (32)
1
Regulatory systems
Proto-oncogenes*** Tumor supressor genes Regulators of apoptosis
2
Proto-oncogenes
Mutated --> oncogenes lead to unregulated cell growth
3
Normal cell cycle
GF binds GF receptor sends signal via transducing molecule Signal to nucleus Cell cycle regulators/nuclear regulators activeted (G1 - S - G2 - M)
4
Oncogenes
GFs GF receptors Signal transducers Nuclear regulators Cell Cycle regulators
5
(Growth Factor oncogenes)
...
6
PDGF-beta(Platelet derived growth factor)
Astrocytoma (overexpression)
7
(Growth Factor receptor oncogenes)
...
8
ERBB2 (HER2-neu) (Epidermal GF receptor)
Breast cancer (amplification)
9
Tx HER2-neu breast cancer
Trastuzimab (Herceptin)
10
RET (Neural GF receptor)
Medullary Carcinoma of the thyroid (MEN2A/2B) (Sporadic carcinoma of the thyroid)
11
KIT (Stem cell GF receptor)
Gastointestinal stromal tumor
12
(Signal transducer oncogenes)
...
13
RAS gene family (GTP binding protein)
Carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma (Point mutation) - 80% human tumors
14
RAS is assiated with GDP
Activated, then associated with GTP Turn back into GDP (shuts off)
15
GAP (GTPase associated protein)
turns off RAS (GTP-->GDP)
16
ABL (Tyrosine kinase)
CML (some ALL) (Overexpression)
17
t(9;22) (Philadelphia chromosome)
CML, (some ALL) ABL signal transducer oncogene
18
(Nuclear regulator oncogene)
...
19
c-MYC (transx factor)
Burkitt lymphoma t(8;14) Starry sky appearance
20
c-MYC translocation
t(8;14) - involves IgH Burkitt lymphoma
21
Starry sky appearance
Burkitt lymphoma t(8;14)
22
Ig heavy chain is on what chromosome?
14
23
MYC is on what chromosome?
8
24
N-MYC (transx factor)
Neuroblastoma
25
L-MYC (transx factor)
small cell Lung carcinoma
26
(cell sycle regulator oncogenes)
...
27
Cyclin D1
Mantle Cell lymphoma t(11;14)
28
t(11;14)
Mantle cell lymphoma
29
What does Cyclin D1 do?
allows from G1 to S phase
30
Cyclin D is on what chromosome?
11
31
CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
Melanoma (amplification)
32