Flashcards in Rx_2.4 (Renal) Deck (12)
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1
Renal biopsy w/subendothelial deposits + [image] ==> dx?
- "wire loop" glomerular lesions ==>
- lupus nephritis [aka diffues proliferative glomerulonephritis]
2
Achalasia characteristics and association
- achalasia = failure of smooth m. fibers of lower esophagus and LES to relax ==> problems w/swallowing
- associated w/chagas disease
3
Morbilliform rash association
viral exanthems
4
Sx characteristics of Lupus
- sx
- malar rash
- arthritis
- oral and nasal ulcers
- fever
- malaise
- other manifestations of lupus
- CV = pericarditis
- Resp = pleural effusion
- hemat = anemia, cytopenias
- malar rash
- arthritis
- oral and nasal ulcers
- fever
- malaise
- CV = pericarditis
- Resp = pleural effusion
- hemat = anemia, cytopenias
5
Vomiting + diarrhea ==> acid-base dx?
- vomiting ==> metabolic alkalosis
- due to loss of acid
- diarrhea ==> non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
- due to loss of base
- vomiting + diarrhea ==> mixed acidosis and alkalosis
- acute dehydration ==> elevated anion gap
- due to loss of acid
- due to loss of base
- acute dehydration ==> elevated anion gap
6
Genetic mutation ==> PKU
- AR
- dysfxn of phenylalanine hydroxylase: phenylalanine ==> tyrosine w/BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin)
- lack of enzyme ==> increase in phenylketones ==> [without low phenylalanine diet] intellectual disability
7
Signs/dx of PKU
- perinatal screening
- musty body odor
- intellectual disability if not treated
8
Dangerous adverse event associated w/NSAIDs (+ mechanism)
- renal failure
- pt.s on diuretics ==> release of AII (in response to decrease volume stats) ==> vasoconstriction
- kidney stimulates PG release in order to maintiain vasodilation @ afferent arteriole and maintain perfusion
- NSAIDs = COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors ==> decreased PGE ==> constriction of afferent arterioles ==> prerenal renal failure
9
Characteristics of hydrochlorothiazide
- thiazide diuretic
- first-line to tx new-onset HTN
- MOA: inhibits Na reabsorption in hte early distal convuloted tuble of nephron ==> diuresis
- SE:
- hyperuricemia (==> gout attack)
- hyperlipidemia
- hypercalcemia
- hyperuricemia (==> gout attack)
- hyperlipidemia
- hypercalcemia
10
Acetazolamide: MOA, use, toxicity
- MOA: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- ==> self-limited NaHCO3, diuresis and decreased total-body HCO3
- Use:
- glaucoma
- metabolic alkalosis
- altitude sickness
- pseudotumor cerebri
- Toxicity
- hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
- paresthesias
- sulfa allergy
- ==> self-limited NaHCO3, diuresis and decreased total-body HCO3
- glaucoma
- metabolic alkalosis
- altitude sickness
- pseudotumor cerebri
- hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
- paresthesias
- sulfa allergy
11
Mannitol: MOA, use, toxicity
- MOA: osmotic diuretic
- increased tubular osmolarity ==> increased urine flow
- ==> decreased intracranial/intraocular pressure
- Use
- drug overdose
- increased intracranial/intraocular pressure
- Toxicity
- Pulmonary edema
- dehydration
- contraindicated in anuria & CHF
- increased tubular osmolarity ==> increased urine flow
- ==> decreased intracranial/intraocular pressure
- drug overdose
- increased intracranial/intraocular pressure
- Pulmonary edema
- dehydration
- contraindicated in anuria & CHF
12
Renal biopsy findings in IgA nephropathy
mesangial deposits
