Flashcards in science test on processes Deck (60)
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Cellular respiration has three cycles....
Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
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Process that unzips, copies to make RNA and then goes to the ribosome
Transcription
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Takes mRNA and makes proteins, mRNA goes to the ER to be _________, and tRNA brings over the amino acids, it goes codon by codon
Translated
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What brings over amino acids during translation?
tRNA
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MRNA goes to ____ to be translated
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Transcription uses _____ to unzip
DNA Helicase
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Translation uses _____ to copy
RNA Polymerase
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What are the steps of mitosis?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
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The cell has completed replication as well as replication of centrioles and mitochondria and synthesis of extra membrane. It has divided, grown, and duplicated so two daughter cells can form from one cell at the end of this phase. It is a time of great synthetic activity. During this phase it obtains nutrients, and utilizes them to manufacture new living material. The cell duplicates membranes, ribosomes, lysosomes, and mitochondria. It also replicates the genetic material. This is important so the two daughter cells can have a complete set of genetic instructions. Is considered in phases, DNA replication occurs in S (synthesis), which is split into growth periods, G1 and G2 when other structures are duplicated
Interphase
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Chromosomes condense and become visible. The centrioles replicate of the centrosome replicate just before mitosis. During this phase, the two newly formed centrioles pairs move to opposite ends of the cell. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse. Microtubules are assembled from tubulins proteins in the cytoplasm and associate with the centrioles and chromosomes. Spindle apparatus forms
Prophase
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Chromosomes align along equator as a result of microtubule activity. Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome so that a fiber from one pair of centrioles contacts one centromere and a fiber from the other pair of centrioles attaches to the other centromere
Metaphase
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Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell. As the chromatids separate, they become individual chromosomes. The separated chromosomes now move in opposite directions, once again guided by microtubule activity. The spindle fibers shorten and pull their attached chromosomes toward the centrioles at opposite ends of the cell
Anaphase
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In this stage the chromosomes complete their migration toward the centrioles. It is like the reverse of prophase. As chromosomes approach the centrioles they elongate and unwind. Nuclear envelopes begin to resemble around two daughter nuclei. Chromosomes decondense. Spindle disappears. Division of the cytoplasm into two cells.
Telophase and Cytokinesis
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Blank is the master plan and blank is the blueprint of the master plan
DNA; RNA
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Blank has a sugar ribose, contains Uracil, and is single stranded
RNA
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Blank has sugar deoxyribose, contains thymine, and is double stranded
DNA
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What are the three types of RNA
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
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Copies DNA codes and carries genetic info to ribosomes
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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Along with proteins it makes of ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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Contains genes, sequences of nucleotide bases
DNA
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Genes are code for ______
polypeptides (proteins)
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______are used to build cells and do much of the work inside cells
Proteins
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There are ____ amino acids
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_______ is the third level of proteins
Tertiary
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Amino acid chains are also called _____
Polypeptides
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Proteins are made in the _____ of cells by the organelle ______
Cytoplasm; ribosome
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In what process is DNA copied and taken to the cytosol, n the cytoplasm it is read so amino acids can assemble to make proteins
Protein synthesis
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What is the first step of protein synthesis
Transcription
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