science test on processes

Question 0

Process that unzips, copies to make RNA and then goes to the ribosome

Answer 0

Transcription

Question 1

Cellular respiration has three cycles….

Answer 1

Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Question 2

Takes mRNA and makes proteins, mRNA goes to the ER to be _________, and tRNA brings over the amino acids, it goes codon by codon

Answer 2

Translated

Question 3

What brings over amino acids during translation?

Answer 3

tRNA

Question 4

MRNA goes to ____ to be translated

Answer 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 5

Transcription uses _____ to unzip

Answer 5

DNA Helicase

Question 6

Translation uses _____ to copy

Answer 6

RNA Polymerase

Question 7

What are the steps of mitosis?

Answer 7

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis

Question 8

The cell has completed replication as well as replication of centrioles and mitochondria and synthesis of extra membrane. It has divided, grown, and duplicated so two daughter cells can form from one cell at the end of this phase. It is a time of great synthetic activity. During this phase it obtains nutrients, and utilizes them to manufacture new living material. The cell duplicates membranes, ribosomes, lysosomes, and mitochondria. It also replicates the genetic material. This is important so the two daughter cells can have a complete set of genetic instructions. Is considered in phases, DNA replication occurs in S (synthesis), which is split into growth periods, G1 and G2 when other structures are duplicated

Answer 8

Interphase

Question 9

Chromosomes condense and become visible. The centrioles replicate of the centrosome replicate just before mitosis. During this phase, the two newly formed centrioles pairs move to opposite ends of the cell. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse. Microtubules are assembled from tubulins proteins in the cytoplasm and associate with the centrioles and chromosomes. Spindle apparatus forms

Answer 9

Prophase

Question 10

Chromosomes align along equator as a result of microtubule activity. Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome so that a fiber from one pair of centrioles contacts one centromere and a fiber from the other pair of centrioles attaches to the other centromere

Answer 10

Metaphase

Question 11

Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell. As the chromatids separate, they become individual chromosomes. The separated chromosomes now move in opposite directions, once again guided by microtubule activity. The spindle fibers shorten and pull their attached chromosomes toward the centrioles at opposite ends of the cell

Answer 11

Anaphase

Question 12

In this stage the chromosomes complete their migration toward the centrioles. It is like the reverse of prophase. As chromosomes approach the centrioles they elongate and unwind. Nuclear envelopes begin to resemble around two daughter nuclei. Chromosomes decondense. Spindle disappears. Division of the cytoplasm into two cells.

Answer 12

Telophase and Cytokinesis

Question 13

Blank is the master plan and blank is the blueprint of the master plan

Answer 13

DNA; RNA

Question 14

Blank has a sugar ribose, contains Uracil, and is single stranded

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

Blank has sugar deoxyribose, contains thymine, and is double stranded

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

What are the three types of RNA

Answer 16

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Question 17

Copies DNA codes and carries genetic info to ribosomes

Answer 17

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 18

Along with proteins it makes of ribosomes

Answer 18

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 19

Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

Answer 19

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 20

Contains genes, sequences of nucleotide bases

Answer 20

DNA

Question 21

Genes are code for ______

Answer 21

polypeptides (proteins)

Question 22

______are used to build cells and do much of the work inside cells

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

There are ____ amino acids

Answer 23

20

Question 24

_______ is the third level of proteins

Answer 24

Tertiary

Question 25

Amino acid chains are also called _____

Answer 25

Polypeptides

Question 26

Proteins are made in the _____ of cells by the organelle ______

Answer 26

Cytoplasm; ribosome

Question 27

In what process is DNA copied and taken to the cytosol, n the cytoplasm it is read so amino acids can assemble to make proteins

Answer 27

Protein synthesis

Question 28

What is the first step of protein synthesis

Answer 28

Transcription

Question 29

What is the second step of protein synthesis

Answer 29

Translation

Question 30

Where does transcription occur

Answer 30

Nucleus

Question 31

Where does translation occur

Answer 31

Cytoplasm

Question 32

Nitrogen bases are read ___ bases at a time

Answer 32

Three

Question 33

The bases on the mRNA strand are called

Answer 33

Codons

Question 34

The bases on tRNA are called

Answer 34

Anti-codons

Question 35

What is the start codon in translation

Answer 35

AUG – methionine

Question 36

What are the stop codons of translation

Answer 36

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 37

``` During translation, C=? G=? A=? T=? ```

Answer 37

G, C, U, A

Question 38

How many different kinds of bases can be found on DNA

Answer 38

Four; thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine

Question 39

What goes into the Krebs cycle and what comes out

Answer 39

In: glucose -> pyruvic acid -> Acetyl CoA. Out: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 4 CO2

Question 40

One glucose molecule can be turned into

Answer 40

Two pyruvic acid molecules

Question 41

Pyruvic acid can form

Answer 41

Two acetyl CoA

Question 42

The _______ makes ___ ATP. _____ makes ___ ATP. Therefore a single glucose molecule makes ___ ATP.

Answer 42

Electron Transport Chain; 34; Glycolysis; 2; 36

Question 43

The breaking down of Lucas that occurs in the cytosol because it does not require oxygen

Answer 43

Glycolysis

Question 44

The high-energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy from the original glucose molecule. Special carrier molecules bring the high energy electronics to a series of enzymes that store much of the remaining energy in more ATP molecules. The other products are heat and water. The function of oxygen as the final electron acceptor is why ____ is an aerobic process

Answer 44

ETC

Question 45

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 45

C6 H12 O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 46

Long straight chain of nucleotides, made in the nucleus, copies DNA and leaves through nuclear pores, contains A, G, C ,U (not T),

Answer 46

mRNA

Question 47

Another name for Kreb's cycle is

Answer 47

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 48

DNA is found where

Answer 48

Nucleus

Question 49

Amino acids are linked together by

Answer 49

Peptide bonds

Question 50

Maybe free-floating in the cytosol or attached to the surface of the rough ER

Answer 50

Ribosome

Question 51

DNAs code must be copied and taken to the _____

Answer 51

Cytosol

Question 52

In the cytoplasm, the DNA must be read so amino acids can be assembled to make _____

Answer 52

Polypeptides or Proteins

Question 53

The process of amino acids making proteins are polypeptides is called what

Answer 53

Protein synthesis

Question 54

Carries the information for a specific protein and is made up of 500 to 1000 nucleotides long

Answer 54

Messenger RNA

Question 55

Making RNA from DNA

Answer 55

Transcription

Question 56

Assembling amino acids according to the sequence of an mRNA strand

Answer 56

Translation

Question 57

Protein synthesis involves what organelles

Answer 57

Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome

Question 58

Cellular respiration involves what organelles

Answer 58

Mitochondria

Question 59

Mitosis involves what organelles

Answer 59

Centrioles and nucleus