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MSK A&P High Yield Flashcards

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1
Q

Anterior draw test is positive in what type of injury?

A

ACL injury

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2
Q

Posterior draw test is positive in what type of injury?

A

PCL injury

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3
Q

Abnormal passive abduction test (valgus/ lateral force) is positive in what type of injury?

A

MCL injury

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4
Q

Abnormal passive adduction test (medial/ varus force) is positive in what type of injury?

A

LCL injury

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5
Q

On a McMurray test, there is popping with external rotation with what type of injury?

A

Medial meniscal tear

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6
Q

On a McMurray test, there is popping with internal rotation with what type of injury?

A

Lateral meniscal tear

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7
Q

What injury results drom a lateral force applied to a planted leg?

A

“unhappy triad”

ACL injury
MCL injury
Medial Meniscus injury

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8
Q

What is a bakers cyst?

A

Popliteal fluid collection commonly related to chronic joint disease

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9
Q

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?

A

1- Supraspinatus (abducts)
2- Infraspinatus (laterally rotates arm)
3- Teres Minor (adducts and laterally rotates)
4- Subscapularis (medially rotate and adduct)

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10
Q

What is the nerve innervation for the following nerves:

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

A

Supraspinatus- suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus- suprascapular nerve

Teres Minor- axillary nerve

Subscapularis- upper and lower subscapular nerves

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11
Q

Pain near lateral epicondyle of elbow is caused by…

A

repetitive extension (backhand shots)

Tennis Elbow!

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12
Q

Pain near medial epicondyle of elbow is caused by…

A

repetitive flexion (forehand shots)

Golfer’s elbow

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13
Q

Most commonly fractured carpel bone?

A

Scaphoid

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14
Q

Dislocation of which wrist bone can cause acute carpel syndrome?

A

Lunate

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15
Q

FOOSH injury occurs to which wrist bone? Which nerve is injured?

A

Hamate bone

Ulnar nerve

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16
Q

Which nerve is involved in carpel tunnel syndrome/

A

Median nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve is involved in guyon canal syndrome? Who is this injury seen in?

A

Ulnar nerve

Cyclists (from pressure from handlebars)

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18
Q

What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5- T1

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19
Q

What are the 5 major nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

1- Musculocutaneous (anterior division)

2- Median (anterior division)

3- Ulnar (anterior division)

4- Axillary (posterior division)

5- Radia (posterior division)

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20
Q

Nerve roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5-C6

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21
Q

Nerve roots of musculocutaenous nerve?

A

C5- C7

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22
Q

Nerve roots of radial nerve?

A

C5- T1

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23
Q

Nerve roots of Median nerve?

A

C5- T1

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24
Q

Nerve roots of Ulnar nerve?

A

C8- T1

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25
Nerve roots of Recurrrent branch of the median nerve?
C5- T1
26
Which nerve is injured fracture to the surgical neck of the humerous?
Axillary nerve
27
Which nerve is injured during an upper trunk compressino?
Musculocutaenous nerve
28
Which nerve is injured due to midshaft fracture of the humerus?
Radial
29
Nerve affected in saturday nigh palsy?
Radial nerve
30
Which nerve is injured with a supracondylar condylar fracture of humerus?
Median nerve
31
Which nerve is injured with a fracture of ,edial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar nerve
32
Which nerve is injured with a fractured hook of hamate?
Ulnar nerve
33
What are the symptoms of an injured musculocutaenous nerve?
Loss of forearm FLEXION and SUPINATION Loss of Sensation over LATERAL FOREARM
34
Drop wrist?
Radial nerve Loss of elbow, wrist and finger extension
35
"ape hand"/ "pope blessing"
Median nerve damage Loss of flexion of wrist, and lateral fingers and thumb oposition
36
"ulnar claw" is a problem with the ulnar nerve causing the inability to...
loss of wrist flexion, flexion of medial fingers, abduction and adduction of fingers
37
Erb palsy is caused by damage to what structures?
Upper trung--> C5- C6 roots
38
What muscles are deficient due to a upper trunk lesion?
Deltoid, suprasinatus nfraspinatus, biceps brachii
39
What causes klumpke palsy?
Lower trunk damage--> C8- T1
40
What does a Klumpke palsy look like?
Claw hand
41
What does Erb's palsy look like?
"waiter's tip"
42
What muscles are deficienct in Klumpke palsy?
Intrisnic hand muscles--> abnormally flexed MCP and Extended DIP and PIP
43
What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
Compression of lower trunk and subclavian vessels due to cervical rib fracture or Pancoast tumor
44
What does injury to the long thoracic nerve cause?
Winged scapula
45
What muscle deficit is seen in winged scapula?
Serratus anterior
46
What muscle does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?
Pectoralis major
47
What muscle does the medial pectoral nerve inervate?
Pectoralis major and minor
48
What muscle does the middle subscapular (thoracodorsal) nerve innervate?
Latissimus dorsi
49
What can cause an upper brachial plexus lesion?
head and shoulder are forcibly separated--> during delivery
50
"inability to extend medial 2 fingers"
distal ulnar nerve injury
51
"inability to flex lateral 3 finger"
proximal median nerve injury
52
"inability to extend lateral 3 fingers?
distal median nerve injury
53
"inability to flex medial 2 fingers"
proximal ulnar nerve injury
54
Name the thenar muscles?
Opponenes poliicic Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
55
What nerve are the thenar muscles innervated by?
Deep head of the ulnar nerve
56
What are the hypothenar muscles?
Opponens digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Flexor Digiti minimi
57
What muscles abduct the fingers?
Dorsal interossei
58
What muscles adduct the fingers?
Palmar interossei
59
What muscles flex the MCP joint and extend the PIP and DIP joints?
Lumbricles
60
Nerves roots of the obturator nerve?
L2- L4
61
Nerve roots of the femoral nerve?
L2- L4
62
Nerve roots of the common peroneal?
L4- S2
63
Nerve roots of the tibial nerve?
L4- S3
64
Nerve roots of the superior gluteal nerve?
L4- S1
65
Nerve roots of the inferior gluteal nerve?
L5- S2
66
What nerve is injured with fibrular neck fracture?
Common peroneal (L4- S2)
67
Which nerve is injured? Decreased flexion and leg extension
Femoral nerve
68
Which nerve is injured in knee trauma or baker cyst?
Tibial (L4- S3)
69
What nerve is injured with IM administration of drug into upper medial gluteal region?
Super gluteal (L4- S1)
70
Which nerve injury has a (+) Trendelenberg sign?
Superior gluteal nerve
71
What nerve is injured with posterior hip dislication?
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5- S2)
72
Which nerve injury results in difficulty climbing stairs and hard time rising from seated position?
Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
73
Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve
74
What nerve innervates the gluteus maxiums?
Inferior gluteal nerve
75
What innervates the perineum?
Pudendal nerve (S2- S4)
76
What innervates the posterior thight?
Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
77
What nerves does the sciatic nerve divide into ?
Common peroneal and the tibial
78
Which nerve inverts and plantar flexes the foot?
Tibial TIP
79
Which nerve everts and dorsifexes the foot?
Common peroneal PED
80
Loss of sensation on the dorsum of the foot?
Common peroneal
81
Loss of sensation on the sole of the foot?
Tibial nerve
82
Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy: Weak knee extension
L3- L4
83
Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy: Weak dorsiflexion/ heelwalking
L4- L5
84
Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy: Decreased patellar reflex
L3- L4
85
Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy: Weakness of plantarflexion
L5- S1
86
Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy: Decreased achilles reflex
L5- S1
87
Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy: Difficulty in toe walking
L5- S1
88
What is the artery paired with the long thoracic nerve?
Lateral thoracic artery
89
What is the artery paired with the Axillary nerve?
Posterior circumflex
90
What is the artery paired with the radial nerve?
Deep brachial
91
What is the artery paired with the median nerve?
Brachial
92
What is the artery paired with the tibial nerve?
Popliteal AND Posterior tibial
93
What induces the release of Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Depolarization of the dihydropyridine receptor which is mechanically coupled to to the ryanodine receptor on the sarcoplasmic reticulum
94
What causes the conformation change that moves tropomyosin out of the muosin binding groove on actin?
Ca2+ binds troponin C and induces the change
95
What allows for a power stroke on myosin?
Myosin release of ADP and P--> displacement of myosin on the acin filament (ATP hydrolysis)
96
Which bands shrinl during a power stroke?
H and I Also between the Z line
97
Which band remains the same during power stroke?
A band
98
What causes detachment of myosin from the actin?
Binding of a new ATP molcule
99
Which fibers are red?
Slow twitch--> increased mitochondria and myoglobin Type I
100
Which fibers are white?
Fast twitch--> increased anaerobic glycolysis Type II
101
What leads to muscle contraction in smooth muscle/
L type voltage gated Ca channel--> increased Ca-calmodulin complex--> increased Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)--> phosphorylated myosin and actin--> contractoin
102
What leads to smooth muscle relaxation?
No--> increased cGMP--> increased Myosin light chain Phosphatase--> dephosphrylated myosin adn actin--> relazation
103
What are the steps of endochondrial ossification?
Cartilagenous model--> Woven bone--> lamellar bone
104
What are the steps of membranous ossification?
Woven bone--> lamellar bone
105
Whoch bones are fored by membranous ossification?
Bones of calvarium and facial bones
106
What do osteoblasts differentiate from?
mesenchymal stem cells
107
What do osteoclasts differentiate from?
monocytes and macrophages

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