Behavioral Science High Yield

Question 1

Define Berkson bias?

Answer 1

study population selected from hospital is less healthy than general population

Question 2

What is healthy worker effect?

Answer 2

study population is healthier than the general population

Question 3

What is non-responsible bias?

Answer 3

Participating subjects differ from nonresponders in meaningful ways

Question 4

What is a strategy to reduce selection bias?

Answer 4

randomization

Question 5

What type of studies is recall bias common in?

Answer 5

retrospective studies

Question 6

What is measurement bias?

Answer 6

information is gathered in a way that distorts it

Question 7

What is procedure bias?

Answer 7

Subjects in different groups are not treated the same

Question 8

What is observer- expectancy bias?

Answer 8

Researchers belief in the efficacy of a treatment changes the outcome of tha treatment

Question 9

What are ways to decrease procedure bias and observer expectancy bias?

Answer 9

Blinding!

Question 10

What is a confounding bias?

Answer 10

When a factor is related to both the exposure and outcome but not ina causal way

Question 11

Does the standard error of mean increase or decrease with increase in sample size?

Answer 11

Decrease

Question 12

% in 1 SD, 2 SD and 3SD?

Answer 12

1= 68%
2= 95%
3= 9.7%

Question 13

What is a positive skew?

Answer 13

Longer tail on right (outliers on right)

Question 14

What is a negative skew?

Answer 14

Longer tail on left (outliers on left)

Question 15

What does a null hypothesis state?

Answer 15

There is no relationship

Question 16

What is alpha?

Answer 16

Type I error–> study shows there is a relationship when there is none inreality

Question 17

What is beta?

Answer 17

Type II error–> study shows that there is no relationship when there actually is one

Question 18

What can decrease Type II error?

Answer 18

Increase power!

Increase sample size
Increased expected effected size
Increase precision of measurement

Question 19

What is alpha usually set to?

Answer 19

P

Question 20

What is the equation for statistical power?

Answer 20

Power= 1-beta

Question 21

Equation for confidence interval?

Answer 21

CI= mean +/- Z

Z= SEM

SEM= Standard deviation/ square root of sample size

Question 22

What is the Z for a 95% CI?

Answer 22

1.96

Question 23

What is the Z for a CI of 99%?

Answer 23

2.58

Question 24

T/F” If 95% CI for a mean difference between 2 variables includes 0 then there is no significant differents

Answer 24

True

Null hypothesis is not rejected

Question 25

T/F: If the 95% for odds ratio or relative risk includes 1

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F: If the CI's between 2 groups overlap the there is no significant difference exists

Answer 26

True

Question 27

"Checks differences between means of 2 groups"

Answer 27

T test

Question 28

"chects difference between means of 3 or more groups"

Answer 28

ANOVA

Question 29

"checks difference between 2 or more percentages or proportions of categorical outcome (not means)"

Answer 29

Chi squared test

Question 30

"checks difference between 2 or more percentages or proportions of categorical outcome (not means)"

Answer 30

Chi squared test`

Question 31

Order of surrogate decision makers?

Answer 31

Spouse> adult children> parents> adult sibling > other relative

Question 32

What is APGAR?

Answer 32

``` Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respirations ```

Question 33

What is a good APGAR score?

Answer 33

7 or above

Question 34

How is low birthweight defined?

Question 35

What are 4 possible complications of low birth weight?

Answer 35

1- RDS 2- Necrotizing enterocolitis 3- Intraventricular hemorrhage 4- Persistent fetal circulation

Question 36

When does each of the following reflexes disappear? Moro Rooting Palmar Babinski

Answer 36

Moro- 3 months Rooting- 4 months Palmar- 6 months Babinski- 12 months

Question 37

Age of crawling?

Answer 37

8 months

Question 38

Points to objects at what age?

Answer 38

12 months

Question 39

Age of social smile?

Answer 39

2 months

Question 40

Age to feed self with fork and spoon?

Answer 40

20 months

Question 41

Age of parallel play?

Answer 41

24- 36 months

Question 42

Age of core gender indentity formed?

Answer 42

36 months

Question 43

Age of cooperative play, and imaginary friends?

Answer 43

4 yo

Question 44

Suicide rate increase or decrease in the elderly?

Answer 44

Increase

Question 45

What is resbycusis?

Answer 45

Sensorineuronal hearing loss due to destruction of hair cells at the cochlear base Preserved low frequency hearing

Question 46

What is presbycusis?

Answer 46

Sensorineuronal hearing loss due to destruction of hair cells at the cochlear base Preserved low frequency hearing