5.8 Flashcards
(39 cards)
How many Canadians were called upon to defend international peace and freedom in the First and Second World Wars, and the Korean War? How many lost their lives?
- 1.5 million
- More than 110 000
What were the two particular missions that Canada was involved in following WWII?
The Arab-Israeli and the India-Pakistan conflicts.
When did the term “peacekeeping” come around?
1956
What did Lester B. Pearson propose during the Suez Crisis of 1956?
That a multinational UN peacekeeping force be sent to Egypt to separate the Israeli, British, and French troops from the Egyptian troops as they faced off over control of the Suez Canal?
What did Lester B. Pearson receive for his visionary idea?
The 1957 Nobel Peace Prize
What are Peacekeepers?
They are traditionally placed between hostile forces to supervise cease-fires and the withdrawal of opposing forces.
What has the role of Canadians in peace support operations expanded to in the recent years?
The delivery of humanitarian aid, the supervision of elections, repatriation of refugees, disarming of warring factions, restoration of shattered landscapes, helping nurture stable government and human rights, organization of electoral systems, training of police forces and the judiciary.
What new people do international peace support activities now involve and what new role have Canadian peacekeepers taken?
-civilians
Our active combat role in Afghaistan
How many international peace support operations have Canadian served in and how many have died?
40, 275
Who was the 1988 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to?
Collectively to UN peacekeepers in recognition of their efforts.
Why have people begun to question the role of peacekeepers?
First issues came in Yugoslavia where the allies had created one country out of four at the end of the Second World War.
What were the four countries that made up Yugoslavia?
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Hersegovina.
Who was the communist leader of Yugoslavia? What happened after the first decade?
Marshal Tito. After the first decade, civil war broke out (1992).
What happened in Yugoslavia in short?
Ethnic cleansing was practiced by all parties. Slovenia and Croatia declared independence in 1991, and gov’t attempted to stop them. Slovenia seperated easily after a short standoff. In Croatia, by 1995, the Serb communities that had occupied eastern Croatia had Ben expelled. The Croats cleansed the Serbs.
War between three religious groups: The Serbs (Orthodox), the Croats (Catholic), and the Kosovars (Islamic).
In short, what was Canada’s history in Yugoslavia?
FIrst Canadian contingent to the UN mission in Yugoslavia in 1992. They were well trained. They gained worldwide prominence due to extensive media coverage.
What was the most dramatic incident in Yugoslavia?
The intervention on behalf of the Muslim communities in Bosnia. Worked out an agreement whereby the Muslims in 5 UN “safe areas” we’re to disarm but be protected from the Serbs by UN soldiers. The Serbs crushed 4/5 safe areas by 1995 and the Canadians left and the Muslims were killed by the Serbs.
Discuss the air strikes in Yugoslavia?
Used on recommendation of Major Stroganoff. Directed to their targets by the SAS patrols. NATO had made air power available to the UN when evidence came to light that Yugoslavia was giving strong support to Bosnian Serbs. First instance of use (and first use of NATO air power against targets). Serb forces backed off. British UN peacekeepers then entered the town. Only one that did not fall to the Serbs.m This was the final phase of the war in 1995.
Where have Canadians all been in the 1990s? Which was the most infamous?
El Salvador, Cambodia, Israeli-Arab border. Angola, Mozambique, Rwanda-Uganda, the Sahara, and Somalia (most infamous).
What happened in Somalia?
UN troops were thrown into a war zone, the UN troops in Somalia were seen as a threat. They were truly being attacked from both sides of the warring groups. There were many accusations of Canadian troops mistreating Somalia civilians.
What was the Canadian mission, Operation Deliverance? What went wrong?
It charged them with restoring order in Somalia. Canadian Airborne regiment was splitting apart at the seams. Murder after murder, they came home disgraced. Tracks were covered, and responsibility shifted up and down.
Who was Clayton Matchee and what did he do?
He was supposed to stop Somalia civilians from stealing from the Canadian compound. Matchee and three other soldiers decided to beat up a teen that they had caught. They eat the teen to death and were found guilty of murdering the young Somalia teen. Led to the Somalia Affair which was played out in the public spectrum in Canada, especially after disturbing pictures of Matchee wre realized with the dead teen.
Is Somalia at peace now?
No it is still regarded as a lawless nation and pirating has only recently been stabilized.
What was the Rwandan Genocide?
The slaughter of an estimated 800 000 to 1 000 000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus, mostly carried out by two extremist Hutu militia groups during a period of 100 days from April 6th through mid-July of 1994.
How did the Genocide end?
The Tutsi rebel movement seized power of the Hutu government.
