Pharm 6

Question 2

MOA of thiazolindinediones

Answer 2

Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

Question 3

SE of Thiazolindinediones

Answer 3

Weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity (3A4), worsens CHF –> HF, fracture, bladder cancer

Question 4

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation

Answer 4

Glucagon

Question 5

Available bisphosphonates

Answer 5

Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid

Question 6

MOA of Bisphosphonates

Answer 6

Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption

Question 7

Uses of bisphosphonates

Answer 7

Osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy

Question 8

Major SE of bisphosphonates

Answer 8

Chemical esophagitis

Question 9

Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia

Answer 9

Etidronate

Question 10

Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women

Answer 10

Calcium reguators Bisphosphonates: alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)

Question 11

Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg

Answer 11

Calcium

Question 12

Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption

Answer 12

Vitamin D

Question 13

Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids

Answer 13

St. Anthony’s Fire

Question 14

Endogenous substances commonly interpreted as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and vasoactive peptides

Answer 14

Autocoids

Question 15

Syndrome of hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin usually caused by gastrinoma; it is associated with severe peptic ulceration and diarrhea

Answer 15

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Question 16

Generation of antihistamine that has the most CNS effects

Answer 16

First generation due to being more lipid-soluble

Question 17

Major indication for H1 receptor antagonist

Answer 17

Use in IgE mediated allergic reaction

Question 18

Antihistamine that can be used for anxiety and insomnia and is not addictive

Answer 18

hydroxyzine (Atarax)

Question 19

H1 antagonist used in motion sickness

Answer 19

Dimenhydrinate, meclizine, and other 1st generation

Question 20

Most common side effect of 1st generation antihistamines

Answer 20

Sedation

Question 21

Lethal arrhythmias resulting from concurrent therapy with azole fungals (metabolized by CYP 3A4) and these antihistamines which inhibit the 3A4 iso-enzyme.

Answer 21

Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market)

Question 22

Clinical use for H2 blockers

Answer 22

Acid reflux disease, duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease

Question 23

Receptors for serotonin (5HT-1) are located

Answer 23

Mostly in the brain, and they mediate synaptic inhibition via increased K+ conductance

Question 24

Triptan available in parenteral and nasal formulation

Answer 24

Sumatriptan

Question 25

H1 blocker that is also a serotonin antagonist

Answer 25

Cyproheptadine

Question 26

5HT2 antagonist mediate synaptic excitation in the CNS and smooth muscle contraction

Answer 26

Ketanserin, cyproheptadine, and ergot alkaloids (partial agonist of alpha and serotonin receptors)

Question 27

5ht-3 antagonist that has been MOST associated with QRS and QTc prolongation and should not be used in patients with heart disease

Answer 27

Dolasetron

Question 28

Drug used in ergot alkaloids overdose, ischemia and gangrene

Answer 28

Nitroprusside

Question 29

Reason ergot alkaloids are contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 29

Uterine contractions

Question 30

SE of ergot alkaloids

Answer 30

Hallucinations resembling psychosis

Question 31

Peptide causing increased capillary permeability and edema

Answer 31

Bradykinin and histamine