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Path 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Toll-like receptors

A 
MO & dendritic cells
Recognize patterns (PAMPs) - CD14 on MO recognizes LPS --> upregulates NK-kB --> production of mutliple immune mediators
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2
Q

PGI, D, E2

A

Vasodilation at arteriole and inc permeability at post-capillary venule

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3
Q

PGE2

A

Fever & pain

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4
Q

LTB4

A

Attracts and activates neutrophils (IL-8, and C3b also)

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5
Q

LTC, D, E4

A

Vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, inc vascular permeability - contract smooth muscle

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6
Q

Second phase of mast cell response

A

LEUKOTRIENES

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7
Q

Classical complement pathway

A

GM makes classic cars - IgG or IgM bound to Ag –> C1 binds and activates

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8
Q

Alternative complement pathway

A

Microbial products directly activate complement

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9
Q

Mannose-binding Lectin pathway

A

MBL binds to mannose on microorganisms –> activation

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10
Q

C5a

A

Neutrophil chemotaxis

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11
Q

C3b

A

Opsonization for phagocytosis

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12
Q

Hageman Factor (XII)

A

Important role in DIC

- coagulation, fibrinolytic systems, complement, kinin

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13
Q

Factors mediating vasodilation/redness

A

Histamine
PGs
Bradykinin

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14
Q

Fever mechanism

A

LPS –> MO –> IL-1 & TNF –> COX in hypothalamus –> PGE2 –> inc temp set point

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15
Q

Neutrophil arrival

A

Margination –> Rolling –> Adhesion –> Transmigration & Chemotaxis –> Phagocytosis –> Destruction

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16
Q

Margination

A

vasodilation slows BF in post-capillary venule –> periphery of BV

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17
Q

Rolling

A

P-selectin - Weibel-Palade bodies (Histamine)
E-selectin - TNF & IL-1

Bind sialyl Lewis X on leukocytes

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18
Q

Adhesion

A

Endothelium - ICAM & VCAM via TNF, IL-1

Leukocytes - integrins via C5a, LTB4

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19
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A

AR defect in integrins (CD18)

  • delayed umbilical cord separation
  • recurrent bacterial infection W/O pus
  • Inc circulating neutrophils
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20
Q

Neutrophil phagocytosis mech

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A

Enhanced by opsonins - IgG & C3b

21
Q

Chediak-Higashi

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A

AR defect in microtubules –> impaired phagolysosome formation

  • inc pyogenic infections
  • neutropenia
  • GIANT GRANULES IN LEUKOCYTES
  • ALBINISM
22
Q

MPO deficiency

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A

Defective conversion from H2O2 –> HOCl
NBT normal
Inc CANDIDA infections

23
Q

MO fxns

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A

Resolution/Healing - IL-10, TGF-B

Continued acute inflammation - IL-8 = more neutrophils

Abscess - wall of acute inflammation w/ fibrosis

Chronic inflammation - present Ag to CD4 –> chronic inflammation

24
Q

CD4+ activation

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A

EXTRAcellular Ag - phagocytosed –> MHC II
B7 on APC binds CD28 (28/7 = 4)

TH1 –> IL-2 (CD8) & IFN-y (MO)
TH2 –> IL-4 (B-cells from IgG –> IgE) & IL-5 (eosinophils & IgA) & IL-10 (inhibits TH1)

25
CD8+
INTRAcellular Ag - ALL nucleated cells IL-2 from CD4 TH1 Perforin & granzymes --> APOPTOSIS FasL binds Fas --> APOPTOSIS
26
B-cell activation
1. Ag bind to IgM or IgD --> plasma cells | 2. B-cell Ag to CD4 on MHC II + CD40/CD40L on Th cells --> IL-4, 5 --> class switch and maturation
27
Key characteristic of granuloma
*Epithelioid histiocytes* Can see giants cells and rim of lymphocytes MO present Ag on MHC II --> IL-12 --> TH1 --> IFN-y --> converts MO to epithelioid histiocytes
28
Non-caseating granuloma
LACK central necrosis 1. Foreign material - breast implant 2. Sarcoid 3. Beryllium 4. Crohn 5. Cat scratch - "stellate shaped"
29
Caseating granuloma
Central necrosis 1. TB - AFB stain 2. Fungal infections - GMS stain
30
DiGeorge
Failure of 3rd & 4th pouch 22q11 deletion No thymus, no T-cells, HypOCa --> tetany, cardiac & facial anomalies
31
SCID
1. cytokine receptor defects - no B or T cell maturation 2. ADA - buildup of de-oxyadenosine os toxic to lymphocytes 3. MHC II deficiency - CD4 not activated = defective B & T cells Fungal, viral, bacterial, protozoal, opportunisitc
32
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
TK deficiency --> B-cells can't mature to plasma cells = no Ig 1. Bacterial - no opsonin (IgG) 2. Enterovirus - mucosal GI (IgA) 3. Giardia
33
Most common Ig deficiency
IgA deficiency *Celiac Disease*
34
Hyper IgM syndrome
Mutated CD40 (B cells) or CD40L (T cells) Low IgA - mucosal Low IgG - pus infections d/t poor opsonization Low IgE
35
Wiskott-Aldrich
1. Thrombocytopenia 2. Ezcema 3. Recurrent Infection
36
Most common injury/cause of death in SLE
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
37
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
SLE - sterile deposits in BOTH sides of heart valve, esp mitral
38
Drug-Induced lupus
Anti-Histone Abs 1. Hydralazine 2. Procainamide 3. Isoniazid
39
Anti-phospholipid syndrome
Subset of SLE 1. Cardiolipin - False + syphilis test 2. Lupus anti-coagulant - falsel elevated PTT = hypercoagulable state --> DVT, recurrent miscarriages, Budd-chiari
40
Sjogren Syndrome
Type IV HS Dry eyes, mouth, dental carries Anti-Ribonucleoprotein abs Assoc w/ RA
41
Disease assoc w/ inc risk of B-cell (mantle zone) lymphoma
Sjorgen syndrome | - U/L enlargement of parotid
42
Can't chew a cracker, dirt in my eyes
Sjogren syndrome
43
Anti-DNA topoisomerase I Abs
Diffuse scleroderma
44
Anti-Centromere Abs
Localized scleroderma (CREST)
45
Anti-U1 Ribonucleoprotein Abs
Mixed CT disease
46
Granulation tissue
1st phase of repair Fibroblasts - type III collagen Capillaries - nutrients *Myofibroblasts - contract wound*
47
Scar formation
Type III collagen replaced w/ type I | - collagenase requires *ZINC*
48
Keloid
Type III collagen
49
Hypertrophic scar collagen type
Type I

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