AIDS Flashcards
When should prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci start?
<200 t-cells
What is the first-line drug for PCP prophylaxis?
TMP-SMX
What are the two alternative drugs for PCP prophylaxis?
Dapsone and Atavoquone
What are the other indications (3) for atovaquone?
malaria, toxoplasma, and babesia
When does prophylaxis for MAC/MAI start?
<50 T-cells
What is the first-line drug for MAC prophylaxis?
azithromycin
What is the TB treatment for an HIV pt w/ PPD induration >5mm?
INH for 9 mos
What vaccines should alll HIV pts get?
flu and pnuemococcal
What HIV med is most likely to cause anemia?
Zidovudine
Which anti-retroviral drugs are likely to cause hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia?
protease inhibitors
Which HIV drugs are the protease inhibitors?
end in -avir (indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir)
What anti-retrovirals cause peripheral neuropathy and pancreatitis?
stavudine, didanosine
What anti-retroviral causes kidney stones?
Indinavir
What kind of anti-retroviral drug is indinavir?
protease inhibitor
What kind of anti-retroviral drug is Zidovudine (AZT)?
nucleoside analog
What are the requirements for a HAART regimen?
2 nucleoside RTIs + 1 protease inhibitor OR 1 non-nucleoside RTI
Name 3 main nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
Zidovudine, Didanosine, Stavudine, Lamuvidine, abacavir
Name a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.
Efavirenz (or delavirdine, neviripine)
What is the only anti-retroviral drug contraindicated in preg?
Efavirenz
If pregnant woman has high T-cell count, does she need HAART?
Yes, in 2nd and 3rd trimester
What is post-exposure prohylaxis, say from a needle stick at the hospital or a broken condom w/ HIV+ partner?
HAART for one month
If you see ring-enhancing lesions in the brain on CT in an AIDS pt (CD4<100), what is the next best step?
tx w/ pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine and see if the lesions go away
What drug, other than ganciclovir, is for CMV?
foscarnet
What is the main adverse effect of ganciclovir?
myelosuppression
