10th Modern World History - Chpt 22.1-3

Question 0

What reflects the correct sequence of steps used in the scientific process?
A- observe, question, experimentation, hypothesis, conclusion
B- observe, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion
C- question, hypothesis, observation, experimentation, conclusion
D- question, experimentation,hypothesis, observation, conclusion

Answer 0

observe, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion

Question 1

The heliocentric or Sun centered theory was proposed by 
A. Francis Bacon
B.  Galileo
C.  Isaac Newton
D.  Copernicus

Answer 1

D. Copernicus

Question 2

The ideas of Francis Bacon developed helped to create the modern 
A-  barometer
B-  microscope
C-  theory of motion
D-  scientific method

Answer 2

scientific method

Question 3

Who is known for the statement "I think, therefore I am"?
A-  Francis Bacon
B- Rene Descartes 
C-  Zacharias Janssen
D-  Isaac Newton

Answer 3

Rene Descartes

Question 4

Andreas Vesalius made significant contributions to the field of 
A-  Anatomy
B-   Astronomy
C-  Botany
D-  Physics

Answer 4

Anatomy.

Question 5

What are the main steps of the scientific method?

Answer 5

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experimtation, Conclusion

Question 6

How did heliocentric theory of the universe differ from the geocentric theory?

Answer 6

Heliocentric - Sun in middle. Planets rotate around it. Copernicus idea.

Geocentric - Earth in middle. Sun, moon and planets rotate around it.

Question 7

Before the 1500s, who and what were the final authorities with regard to most knowledge?

Answer 7

church, priests

Question 8

Isaac Newton is best known for his theory on 
A.  Planet rotation
B.  Anatomy
C.  Gravity
D.  Atomic theory

Answer 8

Gravity

Question 9

Galileo was jailed until death for his support of whose ideas?

Answer 9

Copernicus

Question 10

Who were the two English men who started the Enlightment?

Did they come to the same conclusions regarding government and human nature?

Answer 10

Thomas Hobbes
John Locke

Hobbes believed humans selfish and wicked. Strong ruler needed to gain law and order. Social contract.
Locke favored self government and believed citizens would work it out. Natural rights of Life, Liberty, and Property.

Question 11

Who was Voltaire and what was he known for?

Answer 11

Pen name of Frenchman who wrote 70 books. Used satire.

Question 12

Who was Montesquieu and what thoughts did he advance?

Answer 12

Frenchman who thought government should have separation of powers as was done in England. Idea became basis for U.S. Constitution.

Question 13

Match key ideas to the thinker
Voltaire. Religious freedom
Locke. Abolishment of torture
Wollstonecraft Separation of powers
Beccaria. Women’s equality
Montesquieu. Natural rights - life, liberty, and property
Voltaire. Freedom of thought and expression

Answer 13

Locke. Natural rights - life, liberty, and property
Montesquieu. Separation of powers
Voltaire. Religious freedom
Voltaire. Freedom of thought and expression
Beccaria. Abolishment of torture
Wollstonecraft. Women’s equality

Question 14

What were the three long term effects on Western civilization from Enlightenment thinking?

Answer 14

Belief in Progress - Scientific Revolution spurred social reform such as democratic equality and end to slavery.
More Secular outlook - as science began to explain things it brought doubt about church knowledge and authority
Importance of the Individual -

Question 15

The Enlightenment is also known as the 
A-  Age of Reason
B-  Great Awakening
C-  Illumination
D-  Revelation

Answer 15

Age of Reason

Question 16

The philosopher John Locke favored the idea of 
A- absolute monarchy
B-  religious rule
C-  self-government 
D-  total anarchy

Answer 16

Self-government

Question 17

In general, the philosophies believed in which of the following?
A-  Church decrees
B-  authoritarian rule 
C-  expanding women's rights
D-  progress for society

Answer 17

progress for society

Question 18

The idea of a direct democracy is explained in 
A- Starry Messenger
B-  The Social Contract 
C-  On the Spirit of Laws
D-  A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Answer 18

The Social Contract

Question 19

Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women
A-  Mary Astell
B-  Emile du Chatelet
C-  Jean Jacques Rousseau
D-  Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 19

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 20

What are the natural rights with which people are born, according to John Locke?

Answer 20

Life. Liberty. Property

Question 21

What was the legacy of the Enlightenment?

Answer 21

More personal freedoms and rights. Women’s rights.

Question 22

Compare the views of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau on government. How did their ideas reflect their understanding of human behavior?

Answer 22

???

Question 23

In the 1700s which European city was the center of Enlightenment thinking?

Answer 23

Paris, France

Question 24

Which ruler was most admired by the Enlightenment philosophers?

Answer 24

Catherine the Great of Russia

Question 25

``` Salons helped to spread A- the geocentric theory B- Enlightenment ideas C- only the ideas of the philosophers D- only the ideas of political scientists ```

Answer 25

Enlightenment ideas

Question 26

``` European art of the 1600s and early 1700s was dominated by a grand, ornate style called A- baroque B- classical C- gothic D- neoclassical ```

Answer 26

Baroque

Question 27

``` Which is often considered the first true English novel? A- Encyclopedia B- On the Spirit of Laws C- Pamela D- Tom Jones ```

Answer 27

Pamela

Question 28

``` Who was perhaps the most radical of the royal reformers? A- Catherine the Great B- Frederick II C- Joseph II D- Peter the Great ```

Answer 28

Joseph II

Question 29

How were THOMAS Hobbes and Catherine the Great similar? A- Both influenced by John Locke B- Both affected by horrors of the English Civil War C- Both influenced by Voltaire and Baron de Montesquieu D- Both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority

Answer 29

D- Both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority

Question 30

Why were several rulers in 18th century Europe known as enlightened despots?

Answer 30

They supported the philosophers ideas. | BUT..... Had no intention of giving up any power.