VCJH History 7 Chpt 20 Flashcards
(62 cards)
What does it mean to be a rationalist? Why were Ancient Greek thinkers considered to be rationalists?
Rationalists look at the world logically. This is how the Greek thinkers viewed things.
The Scientific Revolution led to the birth of _______________?
Modern science
Who is Ptolemy?
Rationalist who wrote about geography, astronomy, and logic.
What is a theory?
Explanations that scientists develop to explain observed facts.
What is a hypothesis?
A guess about what might result from an experiment.
What discovery first caused scholars to doubt Ancient Greek thought.
When Columbus found the New World.
Why was Sir Isaac Newton considered to be the greatest scientist of all time?
He founded theories about light, gravity, and motion. Developed the theory that the planets orbit around the sun.
What were Galileo’s inventions? How did Galileo study the sky?
He used his invention, the telescope, to study the skies.
What is the scientific method?
A step by step process for performing experiments and other scientific research.
After the Scientific Revolution did people learn about the natural world by observation or experiments?
Experiments
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
Built an observatory and navigation school. Also sailed around the coast of Africa. Responsible for much of Portugal’s success on the seas.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
Led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe. Discovered New World instead.
Who paid for Christopher Columbus’s trip to find a trade route to Asia?
The King and Queen of Potugal
Which animals were brought to the Americas by the Spanish?
Cattle and chickens
What country was the leading developer of advancements in sailing?
Spanish
What does “circumnavigate the globe” mean?
To travel around the entire world
What religion did European missionaries attempt to spread to the New World?
Christianity
What are plantations?
Large farms
In order to maintain a profitable balance of trade what did European countries try to do?
Limit imports
Why is competition among business important in a capitalistic economic system?
Supply and Demand. “Competition among these businesses affects how much goods cost.”
What is a market economy?
Individuals decide what goods they will buy and sell
What is mercantilism?
A system in which a government controls all economic activity in a country and its colonies make the government stronger and richer.
What are caravels?
“Portuguese began building ships called caravels (KER-uh-velz). Caravels used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind.”
What are armadas? If the Spanish Armada had defeated the English, how might history have changed?
Fleet of 130 ships sent by Spain to attack England. . Spanish Armada was destroyed by the English navy in 1588 changing the balance of power in the world. If Spanish had won we’d be speaking Spanish not English.
