11th. Chemistry - Chpt 1/2/3 review

Question 0

T/F

All matter that we encounter in everyday life exists in one of three physical forms

Answer 0

True. Solid - liquid - gas

Question 1

Describe the differences in atom spacing within a solid, liquid and gas. How would the appear differently in these different states?

Answer 1

Solid - atoms packed together, touching. Defined shape

Liquid - atoms farther apart and sliding past each other. Shape defined by what contains liquid (i.e. Pitcher, shoreline, etc)

Gas - Atoms moving rapidly and far apart. Continue to expand apart unless contained.

Question 2

T/F

A solid has a definite shape and volume

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F

A liquid has a definite shape and takes on the volume of its container

Answer 3

False.

Definite VOLUME and takes on the shape of its container

Question 4

T/F

A gas takes on both the shape and volume of its container

Answer 4

True. Think balloon.

Question 5

T/F

The particles in a gas cannot be compressed into a smaller volume.

Answer 5

False. Think compressed air/CO2 cartridge/bicycle tire

Question 6

T/F

Liquids tend to contract when heated

Answer 6

False. Contract when cooled - Ice

Expand when heated - water boiling over in a pan

Question 7

T/F

The particles in a solid are spaced far apart

Answer 7

False. Closely packed. Touching.

Question 8

T/F

The words gas and vapor can be used interchangeably

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

Matter is anything with __________ and ____________.

Answer 9

Mass. Volume

Question 10

A ______________ is a form of matter with a uniform and unchanging composition

Answer 10

Substance.

Question 11

Substances have specific, unchanging ___________ which can be measured.

Answer 11

Properties

Question 12

Substances have both ____________ and ___________ properties

Answer 12

Physical

Chemical.

Question 13

______________ properties can be measured without altering the chemical properties of the substance.

Answer 13

Physical

Question 14

____________ properties CANNOT be observed without changing the composition of a substance.

Answer 14

Chemical

Question 15

Which of these are physical properties? Which are chemical properties?
Size Weight. Mass. Color. Boiling/Melting point
Solid/Liquid/Gas at normal temps/pressures.
Conducts electricity. Chemical composition (H2O)
Combines with another substance

Answer 15

Physical. - size, weight/mass, color,

Chemical properties - combines with another substance

Question 16

Which of these are physical changes and which are chemical changes?
Boil. Burn. Condense. Corrode. Crumple. Crush. Explode
Ferment. Freeze. Grind. Melt. Oxidize. Rot. Rust.
Tarnish. Vaporize.

Answer 16

Physical. - Boil, Condense, Crush, Crumple, Freeze, Grind, Melt, and Vaporize

Chemical. - Burn, Corrode, Explode, Ferment, Oxidize, Rot, Rust, Tarnish

Question 17

The new substances produced in a chemical reaction are called ______________?

Answer 17

Products

Question 18

A chemical reaction that involves one or more substances changing into new substances is called _________________?

Answer 18

Chemical change

Question 19

What shows the relationship between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

Answer 19

Chemical equation

Question 20

States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process

Answer 20

Law of conservation of mass

Question 21

The starting substances in a chemical reaction are called what?

Answer 21

Reactants

Question 22

178g of water is separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen. If the hydrogen gas has a mass of 20g. What is the mass of the oxygen?

Answer 22

158g. Conservation of mass

Question 23

What separates substances based on their boiling points?

Answer 23

Distillation.

Question 24

What separates substances based on their movement through a special paper?

Answer 24

Chromatography

Question 25

What separates solids from liquids using a porous barrier?

Answer 25

Filtration

Question 26

What method separates substances by formation of solid, pure particles from a solution?

Answer 26

Crystallization

Question 27

Which of the following are pure substances, homogenous mixtures, and heterogenous mixtures? Salt water. Water Water & sand mix. Solutions

Answer 27

Pure substance - water. All H2O Homogenous mixture - Solution or Salt water Heterogenous mixture - water & sand mix

Question 28

Which of the following are elements and which are compounds? Ice. Sodium Chloride Nickel. Silicon. Francium

Answer 28

Elements - Nickel. Silicon. Francium Compounds - Ice. Sodium Chloride

Question 29

``` A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by either physical or chemical means is a A. Compound B. Mixture C. Element D. Period ```

Answer 29

C. Element

Question 30

``` A chemical combination of two or more elements is called a(n) A. Solution B. Compound C. Element D. Period ```

Answer 30

B. Compound

Question 31

``` Which of the following is an example of an element? A. Air B. Water C. Sugar D. Oxygen ```

Answer 31

D. Oxygen

Question 32

``` Which of the following is an example of a compound? A. gold B. Silver C. Aspirin D. Copper ```

Answer 32

C. Aspirin

Question 33

``` What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called? A. Block elements B. Groups or families C. Grids D. Periods ```

Answer 33

D. Periods

Question 34

``` What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called? A. Block elements B. Groups or families C. Grids D. Periods ```

Answer 34

B. Groups or families

Question 35

``` Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical property A. Iron and oxygen form rust B. Iron is more dense than aluminum C. Magnesium burns brightly when ignited D. Oil and water do not mix E. Mercury melts at -39° Celsius ```

Answer 35

A. Iron and oxygen form rust- chemical B. Iron is denser than aluminum- physical C. Magnesium burns brightly if ignited- chemical D. Oil and water do not mix- chemical E. Mercury melts at -39° Celsius- physical

Question 36

What is an element? What is a compound? How can elements be separated out?

Answer 36

Element - pure substance such as oxygen, nickel or gold Compound - combination of substances such as water (H2O) or salt (sodium Chloride) Elements separated out through a chemical process??????

Question 37

How can a homogenous mixture be separated out to the substances that make them up? How can a heterogenous mixture be separated out to the substances that make them up?

Answer 37

Homogenous - such as salt Crystallization. Distillation. Chromatography????? Heterogenous - such as sand and water Filtration.

Question 38

How is mass different than weight?

Answer 38

Mass remains the same despite gravity. Weight differs based on the gravitational force. Ex - your mass is the same on earth and on the moon. Your weight on the moon would be much less than on earth due to less pull of gravity.

Question 39

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations?

Answer 39

Qualitative - smell/odor, Quantitative - length, mass, volume,

Question 40

The formula for density is D=M/V ``` If a 100g sample of metal has a volume of 5.18ml what is the density of the metal? A. 5 g/ml B. 0.518 g/ml C. 19.3 g/ml D. 1.93 g/ml E. None of the above ```

Answer 40

C. 19.3 g/ml

Question 41

``` Convert 9,830 grams to pounds (1 lb = 453.6g) A. 2.17 x 10^-2 lb B. 4.46 x 10^3 lb C. 21.7 lb D. 4.46 x 10^6 lb E. 4.46 lb ```

Answer 41

C. 21.7 lb

Question 42

``` The density of copper is 8.92 g/ml. The mass of a piece of copper that has a 10 ml volume is A. 89.2 g B. 892 g C. 8.9 x10^2 g D. .892 g E. None of the above ```

Answer 42

A. 89.2 g

Question 43

``` The density of gold is 19.3 g/ml. What is the volume of a piece of gold that weighs 63.3g? A. 5.623 ml B. 3.28 ml C. -33.68 ml D. 35.2 ml E. 67.243 ml ```

Answer 43

B. 3.28 ml

Question 44

``` The general term for a systematic approach to scientific study is A. scientific law B. scientific method C. quantitative analysis D. qualitative analysis. ```

Answer 44

B. scientific method

Question 45

``` The type of data that is descriptive in nature is A. random data B. hypothetical data C. quantitative analysis D. qualitative analysis. ```

Answer 45

D. qualitative analysis. color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic. In general, anything that relates to the five senses is qualitative: how something looks, feels, sounds, tastes, or smells.

Question 46

Anything that has mass and takes up space is called A. weight B. matter C. volume D. weight

Answer 46

B. matter

Question 47

Why is chemistry called the central science

Answer 47

A basic understanding of chemistry is central to all sciences—biology, physics, Earth science, ecology, and others. Because there are so many types of matter, there are many areas of study in the field of chemistry.

Question 48

Label each of the following pieces of data as qualitative or quantitative. beaker weighs 6.6 g. Sugar crystals are white and shiny. Fireworks are colorful.

Answer 48

6.6 g. - quantitative. White and shiny - qualitative Colorful - qualitative.

Question 49

Why must a measurement include both a number and units?

Answer 49

number gives you quantity. Unit gives you comparable units

Question 50

Why must a measurement include both a number and units?

Answer 50

number gives you quantity. Unit gives you comparable units

Question 51

T/F | An element is a combination of two or more compounds.

Answer 51

False. A single homogenous substance

Question 52

T/F | When a small amount of sugar is completely ­dissolved in water, a heterogeneous solution is formed

Answer 52

False. Homogenous

Question 53

Iced tea with ice cubes in it would be a homogenous/heterogenous mixture?

Answer 53

With ice cubes - heterogenous Without ice cubes - homogenous. Tea fully dissolved into water