Biology Chapter 7

Question 0

Robert Hooke used the name ________ to refer to the tiny empty chambers he saw when he observed magnified cork.

Answer 0

Cells

Question 1

The invention of the __________ made the discovery of cells possible.

Answer 1

Microscope

Question 2

German botanist Matthias Schleiden concluded that _____ are made of cells

Answer 2

Plants

Question 3

Rudolph Virchow concluded that new cells are produced from _______

Answer 3

Existing cells

Question 4

The ________ combines the conclusions made by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.

Answer 4

Cell theory

Question 5

The size of the image formed by a light microscope is unlimited because light
that passes through matter is diffracted.
T or F

Answer 5

F

Magnified by 1,000

Question 6

Fluorescent dyes help scientists see the movement of compounds and
structures in living cells.
T or F

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Transmission electron microscopes form a 3-D image of the surface of a
specimen.
T or F

Answer 7

F

Scanning forms 3-D

Question 8

To study cells with a light microscope, different types of stains are usually available. Why
is it generally more useful to stain eukaryotic cells than prokaryotic cells?

Answer 8

Cell organelles are hard to see without stains, and so is the nucleus.

Question 9

_______ are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei.

Answer 9

Eukaryotes

Question 10

_______ are cells that do not enclose their DNA in nuclei.

Answer 10

Prokaryotes

Question 11

Structure in plant cells that captures the sun’s energy and changes it into chemical energy.

Answer 11

Chloroplasts

Question 12

Network of protein filaments that gives a cell its shape and organizes its organelles

Answer 12

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

Structure in animal cells that helps organize cell division

Answer 13

Centrioles

Question 14

Series of flattened sacs that prepares proteins and other materials for export from the cell

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Structure around plant cells, fungus cells, and some bacterial cells that supports and protects

Answer 15

Cell wall

Question 16

Internal membrane system of a cell where proteins are assembled

Answer 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

Fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Answer 17

Cytoplasm

Question 18

Structure within a cell that acts like a specialized organ

Answer 18

Organell

Question 19

Saclike structure that stores materials like water and nutrients

Answer 19

Vacuole

Question 20

Enzyme-filled structure that breaks down complex molecules or worn-out organelles

Answer 20

Lysosomes

Question 21

Organelle that changes the chemical energy in food into a form that is easier for the cell to use

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

Structure that assembles proteins

Answer 22

Ribosome

Question 23

Controls most cell processes and stores genetic material

Answer 23

Nucleus

Question 24

Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

Answer 24

Chloroplasts

Question 25

Which of the following must be true for diffusion to occur? A. Molecules or particles must have different sizes. B. Special protein channels must always be available. C. There must be areas of different concentrations. D. Energy must be available.

Answer 25

C

Question 26

``` Which term refers to the condition that exists when no net change in concentration results from diffusion? A. concentration B. equilibrium C. osmosis D. randomness ```

Answer 26

B

Question 27

Air has a higher concentration of oxygen molecules than does the cytoplasm of your lung cells. Where in your lungs will there be a net increase of oxygen? A. in the air breathed in B. in the air breathed out C. outside of the lung cells D. inside of the lung cells

Answer 27

D

Question 28

Which of the following statements tells how facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion? A. Particles move through cell membranes without the use of energy by cells. B. Particles tend to move from high concentration to lower concentration. C. Particles move within channel proteins that pass through cell membranes. D. Particles tend to move more slowly than they would be expected to move.

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Cells are in an isotonic solution. A. The cells lose water. B. The cells gain water. C. The cells stay the same

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Cells are in a hypertonic solution A. The cells lose water. B. The cells gain water. C. The cells stay the same

Answer 30

A

Question 31

Cells are in a hypotonic solution. A. The cells lose water. B. The cells gain water. C. The cells stay the same

Answer 31

B

Question 32

What is the function of active transport in moving small molecules and ions across cell membranes?

Answer 32

Moving from low concentration to high concentration when ions and small molecules needed

Question 33

How does ATP enable transport proteins to move ions across a cell membrane?

Answer 33

They are used help the protein pumps to pump ions in or out of the cell from low to high concentrations

Question 34

What are the proteins used in active transport called?

Answer 34

Protein pumps

Question 35

The term _______ refers to the relatively constant internal physical and chemical state of a living cell.

Answer 35

Homeostasis

Question 36

Some unicellular eukaryotes, called ________ , contain chloroplasts.

Answer 36

Algae

Question 37

How do single-celled organisms maintain homeostasis?

Answer 37

Grow, respond to there environment, transform energy, and reproduce.

Question 38

Why is maintaining homeostasis particularly important to single-celled organisms?

Answer 38

If they don't they will die

Question 39

Active transport of molecules from outside of cell to inside by forming pockets

Answer 39

Endocytosis

Question 40

Active transport of food from outside of cell to inside of cell by forming pockets around the food

Answer 40

Phagocytosis

Question 41

Active transport of particles from inside to the outside of the cell by forming pockets

Answer 41

Exocytosis