7th History - Roman Empire Flashcards
(20 cards)
Most of the land in the Roman Empire surrounded the_________ sea.
Mediterranean
What most historians refer to as The Roman Empire was a period of time lasting approximately _______ years
1200
The two main phases of the Roman Empire that had very distinct types of leadership structures. These were:
Republic
Empire
Under the Republic form of leadershipcboth classes of people ruled together. The branches of government were:
Judicial - judges ruled for one year terms. Called praetors
Legislative - Senate. 300 members of upper class. Advised consuls
Served for life
Executive - 2 consuls elected. 1 yr terms. Could veto each other
Assembly - represented the lower (plebian) class
Define a republic
“ A state in which supreme ____________________ rests in the body of ____________________ entitled to ________________, and is exercised by ___________________ chosen by them.”
” A state in which supreme POWER rests in the body of CITIZENS entitled to VOTE, and is exercised by REPRESENTATIVES chosen by them.”
During the period of the Roman Republic, Rome expanded its territory significantly. One major source of expansion was a series of three wars called the ________________ Wars. These wars happened between Rome and _____________________, a city on the northern tip of ________________________.
During the period of the Roman Republic, Rome expanded its territory significantly. One major source of expansion was a series of three wars called the PUNIC Wars. These wars happened between Rome and CARTHAGE, a city on the northern tip of AFRICA.
During the Punic Wars, Rome accomplished:
1.
2.
3.
1- Took Sicily and Corsica
2- Took Spain and destroyed the navy of Carthage
3 - Destroyed Carthage, burned it, salted the ground
Phase two of Roman history was called the Roman Empire. In the Roman Empire, all major decisions about military tactics, justice, religion, and even matters of the Senate were made by the ___________________________.
Emperor
Three problems with the Roman republic were
- Wars to expand were costly. Messed with economy
- The lower class men who had served in the military came home to find their farms had been taken over by their wealthy neighbors.
- Not enough left to police at home. Gang violence and slave revolts
They were the three most powerful and wealthy men in Rome decided to take over the Republic. The First Triumvirate was comprised of _____________________________, _____________________________, and _______________________________.
Julius Caesar - military genius and strong leader
Pompey - military leader who tried to unseat Julius Caesar. Killed in the attempt.
Crassus - insanely wealthy man who wanted to be a military hero. Killed while invading Syria
Julius Caesar became the first _________ after the death of the other two members of the Triumvariat.
Emperor or supreme leader
What resulted after Caesar took over control of the Roman republic?
Senate did not like it and carried out a plot to kill him. Stabbed 23 times!!!
Who took over after Julius Caesar?
How did this leader do?
Octavian another military leader and protege of Julius Caesar. Changed his name to Augustus Caesar (Exalted one)
Led to Romana Pax - Roman peace
Who was born in the town of Bethlehem during the reign of Augustus Caesar?
Jesus Christ
The reign of _____________________ began in 27 BCE. It began with a season of peace, growth and prosperity that lasted over __________________ years. This season of prosperity was called the ” ___________ Romana.”
Augustus Caesar
200 years
Pax Romana
Julius Caesar developed a calendar with ___________ days and _____months. It was further refined and used during _______________________________’s reign as emperor. It is known as the _____________________ calendar.
Julius Caesar developed a calendar with 365 days and _12_months. It was further refined and used during Augustus Caesar’s reign as emperor. It is known as the Julian calendar.
Romans pioneered the use of ______________, ______________ and
____________________.
They also built over 250,000 miles of roads. Three advantages of the roads were:
Romans pioneered the use of _arches_, _vaults_ and _domes_. 1- connected far reaches of empire 2- made trade easier 3- allowed Roman army to travel faster
_________ was a mix of gravel, volcanic ash and limestone. It was used to build domes.
__________ was a sign of luxury and was used to cover buildings, columns, floors and in carvings or statues.
Concrete
Marble
Two architectural wonders of the Roman Empire were ________ and the ____________.
Pantheon
Colisseum
What was special about the Pantheon?
What was the Colisseum used for?
Pantheon - circular open top made possible by using lighter concrete
Colisseum - used for “spectator sports” such as gladiator fights, animal fights and killing of early Christians. Seated 70,000.
