VCJH History 7 18.1/18.2/18.4 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Pope Gregory VII
A pope who believed that popes should choose the bishops and that popes got their power from God.
Excommunicated Emperor Henry
Excommunicate
To cast out of the Christian Church by the Pope.
This punishment was greatly feared because of the belief that anyone who died while excommunicated would not get into heaven.
Pope Leo excommunicated the bishop of Constantinople and forever split the Christian church into orthodox and Roman Catholic sects.
Emperor Henry IV
Thought popes had too much power and that kings should choose bishops because God had chosen the king.
Convinced Germany’s bishops that they should remove Pope Gregory. Had to beg for forgiveness in the snow.
Crusades
Long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia
Holy Land
Palestine. Name Europeans gave it because it was where Jesus had lived, preached, and died.
Pope Urban II
Roman Catholic Pope who called on Christians throughout Europe to retake the Holy Land from Muslim Turks.
King Richard
King of England who fought Saladin in the 3rd crusade of the Middle Ages
Called “Lion Heart” for his courage. A skilled soldier and great general.
Saladin
Fought King Richard in the 3rd crusade of the Middle Ages and held Jerusalem. Brilliant leader. Crusaders respected his kindness towards fallen enemies and as a model of knightly chivalry.
Why did the Pope start the Crusades?
To regain the Holy Land from Muslim Turks.
Magna Carta
A document that made changes to the English government and legal system. The nobles isted 63 demands which the king could not ignore. Signed by King John. Included rights to a fair trial and to own property.
Parliament
The law making body that governs England today. Started as a council of nobles after the Magna Charta.
Divided into House of Lords and House of Commons.
Hundred Year’s War
A war between France and England lasting 100 years. Led to political changes in France and England.
Joan of Arc
Young peasant girl who became a great warrior and rallied the French troops to drive the English from French soil.
Black Death
Plague that swept through Europe in the 14th century. Killed nearly a third of the population.
In which Crusade did Richard and Saladin fight?
What was the result?
3rd Crusade
Muslims retained control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
What document did the English nobles hope would limit the king’s power?
Magna Carta
Who rallied French troops during the 100 Years War?
Joan of Arc
What happened in France and in England because of the Hundred Year War?
France - King grew stronger
England - Parliament grew stronger
How many people are estimated to have died in the 100 Year War?
25 million
Who made up the original British Parliament?
A council of nobles
In what country did the Black Plague start?
Asia- Turkey
Why did the Black Death spread so quickly?
Due to trade
Bubonic Plague
Disease which caused painful red swellings on victim’s bodies.
Habeas Corpus
Latin phrase meaning “you have the body”
