VCJH Science 8 Unit 1 Matter Flashcards
(110 cards)
0
Q
What is matter?
A
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
Light and sound are NOT matter.
1
Q
What properties define matter?
A
Mass, weight, volume and density.
2
Q
What is mass?
A
The amount of matter in an object is mass.
3
Q
What is the difference between mass and weight?
A
Weight is the measure of the gravitational force on an object.
4
Q
Why would you weigh less on the moon than on earth?
Does your mass change in the two places?
A
Weigh less on the moon because it has less mass and exerts less gravitational force on your mass.
Mass does not change.
5
Q
The amount of space that an object takes up or occupies, is known as what?
A
Volume
6
Q
How can volume be determined?
A
- Using a formula
Volume = L x W x H (length, width, height) cm3
= - Using water displacement ml = cm3
7
Q
What is density?
A
Measure of the mass in a given volume.
8
Q
Does the density of a given substance remain the same no matter how much of the substance you have?
A
Yes. Every substance has a set mass/volume= density. Dividing it does not change the density.
9
Q
What is the formula for density?
What units is density usually given in?
A
D=m/V
g/cm3
g/mL
10
Q
An object’s weight is the amount of space it occupies? T / F
A
False Weight is the measurement of the gravitational force exerted on somethings mass.
11
Q
The mass of an object is equal to its weight? T / F
A
False
12
Q
What units is the volume of a solid measured in?
A
Either cm3 or ml depending on the method used to measure volume.
13
Q
An object that floats in water is less dense than water? T / F
A
True
14
Q
_______________ is the amount of space that matter in an object occupies.
A
Volume
15
Q
______________ is anything that has mass and takes up space.
A
Matter
16
Q
____________ is the amount of matter in an object.
A
Mass
17
Q
____________ is the measure of the amount of matter in a given amount of space (volume).
A
Density
18
Q
____________ is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.
A
Weight
19
Q
Is air matter?
Wind?
Sound?
A
Yes
No
No
20
Q
Is it possible for an object’s weight to change while its mass remains constant?
A
Yes if the object is taken somewhere with more/less gravitational pull.
21
Q
How can you determine that a coin is not pure silver if you know the mass and volume of the coin?
A
By comparing it to the known density for silver
22
Q
How do physical and chemical properties of matter differ?
A
A physical property can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. A chemical property is observed by attempting to change the identity of the substance.
23
Q
What are physical properties that you might measure?
A
Color, shape, size, texture, density, electrical conductivity, solubility, malleability, luster, thermal conductivity, magnetic attraction, melting point and boiling point.
24
What defines an element?
A substance made up of one type of atom.
25
An element is a substance made up of different types of atoms? T / F
False. An element is made up of one type of atom.
26
Evaporation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid? T / F
False. Evaporation is a liquid changing state to a gas.
27
A solid has a definite volume and shape? T / F
True. I also has particles that vibrate in place.
28
A physical property can be measured without changing the identity of the substance? T / F
True
29
```
One chemical property that can be measured in a substance is its reactivity with water. What is another chemical property?
A. density
B. flammability
C. malleability
D. solubility
```
B. flammability
30
Matter is made up of particles. Which of the following statements is true about these particles?
A. The particles that make up solids do not move
B. The particles that make up liquids do not move
C. The particles that make up all matter are constantly in motion
D. Only the particles that make up gases are constantly in motion
C. The particles that make up all matter are constantly in motion
31
Two inflated ballooons with equal volume. One is placed in the freezer for 20 minutes. What would result in the cooled balloon?
A. increased kinetic energy, decreased attraction between particles
B. increased kinetic energy, increased attraction between particles
C. decreased kinetic energy, decreased attraction between particles
D. decreased kinetic energy, increased attraction between particles
???
32
Which of the following statements describes a liquid?
A. A liquid has both a definite shape and a definite volume
B. A liquid has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
C. A liquid has a definite shape but not a definite volume
D. A liquid has a definite volume but not a definite shape
D. A liquid has a definite volume but not a definite shape
33
A water molecule is made up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Why is water considered a pure substance?
A. Water can be broken down by physical means
B. Water can be combined with other substances by physical means
C. Each water molecule is identical
D. Water molecules are made up of different types of atoms.
C. Each water molecule is identical
Pure substances are made up of a single type of particle and cannot be formed or broken down by physical changes.
34
Define a pure substance
made up of a single type of particle and cannot be formed or broken down by physical changes.
35
A beaker containing a certain substance has heat applied to it and the particles begin to move further apart from each other. The change of state that is occurring is from a _______________________.
A. gas to liquid B. gas to solid
C. liquid to solid D. liquid to gas
D. liquid to gas
36
The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed. To what type of change does this law apply?
A. physical changes only
B. chemical changes only
C. both physical and chemical changes
D. only mass that is not undergoing change
C. both physical and chemical changes
37
A beaker containing ice and water is placed on a warm hotplate. Will the ice undergo a physical or chemical change?
A. physical change because it will change state
B. chemical change because it will change state
C. physical change because it will form a new substance
D. chemical change because it will form a new substance
A. physical change because it will change state
38
```
What is the boiling point of water?
A. 0 degrees C
B. 32 degrees C
C. 100 degrees C
D. 212 degrees C
```
A. 0 degrees C
39
```
When an object is placed on a scale, what is measured?
A. gravity
B. weight
C. density
D. mass
```
B. weight
40
How is mass measured?
A triple beam balance can measure small masses.
41
```
When similar atoms are combined what is formed?
A. a compound
B. an element
C. a mixture
D. an atomic matrix
```
B. an element
42
```
when different atoms are combined in a chemical process, what is formed?
A. a compound
B. an element
C. a mixture
D. an atomic matrix
```
A. a compound
43
Give an example of these mixtures. Are they homogeneous or heterogenous?
solution
suspension
colloid
solution - homogeneous mixture in liquid, solid, or gas
suspension - snow globe, heterogeneous
colloid - heterogenous mixture such as milk or gelatin
44
A sample liquid is heated in a closed container until it changes to a gas.
What happens to the size of the particles in the sample?
What happens to the number of particles in the sample?
What happens to the average speed of the particles?
Size remains the same
Number remains the same
Average speed increases
45
Describe the difference between physical change and chemical change.
Physical change - no damage to the matter or substance. Same substance you began with. Might be a different state.
Chemical change - chemical bonds broken and transforms to another substance(s)
46
What are three examples of physical change?
Changes of state solid - liquid - gas
| due to melting, freezing, deposition, or
47
What are signs that chemical change has taken place?
Production of a gas - fizzing or foaming
Production of an odor
Formation of a precipitate (solid in solution)
Change in color
Change in energy ( i.e. candle produces light and heat)
48
How does temperature affect chemical changes?
It can help make them happen.
Ex- baking cake batter produces a chemical change
49
An unknown substance has a volume of 2 cm3 and a mass of 38.6 grams. What is the density of the sample?
D = V/M 38.6/2= 19.3g/cm3
50
Chemical changes result in new substances, while physical changes do not. T / F ?
True
51
What are signs of a chemical change?
Production of a gas - fizzing, foaming
Production of an odor - i.e. rotting/soured food
Formation of a precipitate - solid formed from combining two liquids
Change in color
Change in energy - i.e. candle burning produces light and heat
52
A physical change occurs when a substance changes from one form to another while the chemical identity of the substance remains the same T / F?
True
53
When an ice cube melts it is still water? T / F
True. Just in another state
54
Matter is lost when a candle is burned? T / F
False. The matter is conserved and turned into new substances like smoke and ash.
55
When your body digests food, the food is changed into new substances? T / F
True. It undergoes chemical changes.
56
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Statement that in ordinary chemical and physical changes, mass is not created or destroyed but is only transformed into different substances.
57
Which is an example of a physical change to wool?
| Burning / Dying
Dying. No alteration
58
Which change results in the formation of new substances?
| Physical / Chemical
Chemical
59
The formation of a precipitate signals what type change?
| physical / chemical
Chemical
60
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Which are pure substances?
A. mixtures
B. elements
C. compounds
D. B & C
```
D. Both elements and compounds are pure substances
61
Atoms combine in different ways to make up all of the substances you encounter every day? T / F
True
62
A mixture of soil has the same chemical composition throughout?
T / F
False. It is a mixture and not pure.
63
Both elements and mixtures are chemically combined and pure substances? T / F
False.
Elements and compounds have atoms chemically combined and are pure substances.
Mixtures are NOT chemically combined.
64
Physical changes such as melting, freezing, cutting or smashing will change the identity of pure substances? T / F
False The chemical bonds holding elements and compounds together cannot be broken easily. To break them requires a chemical change.
65
What are the three broad classifications of elements?
Metals, non-metals, and metalloids.
66
How are compounds classified?
By their pH - acid, base or nuetral
Organic or inorganic organic compounds contain carbon & hydrogen
Biochemicals - carbohydrates, lipids(fats), proteins, and nucleic acids
67
Mixtures are a combination of two or more substances that are combined chemically? T / F
False NOT chemically. Only physically
68
Mixtures are broadly classified as either ________ or __________.
More specifically they are classified as ________, ___________ or _________.
Homogeneous - same composition
Heterogeneous - not a uniform composition
Suspension - heterogenous mix with particles too large to stay mixed
Solution - homogeneous mix with one substance dissolved in another
Colloid - heterogenous mix with fine particles that settle out slowly
69
Water is a pure substance/ mixture?
pure substance. Chemical bonds of H20
70
Water is an element/ compound?
Compound
71
Saltwater is a homogenous/heterogenous mixture?
homogenous. All particles are the same composition..
72
Elements and compounds are two types of groupings of atoms? T / F
True. Pure substances and homogenous
73
A __________ is a combination of substances that are combined physically but not chemically.
Mixture
74
Could a mixture be made up of only elements and no compounds?
Yes. Just needs to be more than one element.
75
A solid is the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume?
T / F
True
76
A larger container will allow gas to occupy more space? T / F
True. It expands to fill the volume.
77
The particles in a solid do not vibrate and are fixed in place? T / F
False. They do vibrate but cannot move freely.
78
The molecules making up ice have less space between them than water since ice is a solid? T / F
False. Ice is an exception in that the solid form expands and has MORE space between molecules.
79
A liquid has a definite shape but not a definite volume? T / F
False It takes many shapes but cannot change volume. Think of water poured from one container to another.
80
A gas does not have a definite volume nor shape? T / F
True
81
When a gas becomes a solid it is called condensation/ deposition?
Deposition
82
Sublimation is when a liquid becomes a gas? T / F
False. It is when a solid becomes a gas. i.e. Dry Ice
83
Solids can easily change in volume? T / F
False
84
Liquids take the shape of their container? T / F
True
85
When the distance between gas particles increases, the volume of the gas increases? T / F
True Gases are able to expand to increased volumes
86
In a gas particles are close together and can slide past each other?
T / F
False This describes a liquid. In a gas, the particles are far apart and can move freely.
87
Particles are close together and locked in place in a ____________.
Solid / Liquid / Gas
Solid
88
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
All matter is made up of atoms or groups of atoms that are in constant motion.
89
How would you change the volume of a gas?
Put it in a larger/smaller container.
| Can also heat or cool it if in a flexible container.
90
When substances lose or gain energy (heat), two things can happen. What are they? Can both happen at the same time?
Either temperature can change or state can change. Both do not happen at the same time.
Ex. - Water when heated increases temperature until 100 degrees C, it's boiling point. Then it maintains that temp and changes state (gas)
91
Can a tank of oxygen ever be half empty?
No. If gas is let out, the remaining gas just fills the tank space with further apart spaced particles.
92
Define change of state
The change of a substance from one PHYSICAL form of matter to another.
Solid - liquid - gas
93
To change a substance from one state to another, energy must be added or removed? T / F
True
94
When a substance gains or loses energy, its temperature changes or its state changes but not both at the same time? T / F
True
| Temperature rises/drops to the boiling/melting point and then remains constant as a change of state occurs.
95
All matter is made of tiny particles that are sometimes in motion? T / F
False ALWAYS in motion for ALL matter. Even solids.
96
Particle motion will either increase or decrease during a change of state? T / F
True
97
During a change of state, a substance either gains energy from or loses energy to the environment. Is the total amount of energy always conserved?
Yes
98
When an ice cube melts energy is lost to/gained from the environment?
Lost by or gained by the ice cube?
Energy is gained from the environment to melt the ice cube and break the tight bonds of the solid.
Energy is gained by the ice cube.
99
What happens to particles and the attractions of particles during freezing?
Particles have less energy and slow down. Attractions increase and the liquid becomes a solid.
100
The opposite of _________ is _________. Energy is gained/lost.
sublimation _________ __________
melting _________ __________
evaporation/boiling _________ __________
sublimation - deposition Lost
melting - freezing Lost
evaporation/boiling - condensation Lost
101
When matter changes from one state to another, it changes to another type of matter because both its physical and chemical identity change? T / F
Change of state is only a physical change and the type of matter does not change
Ex. Water Ice-liquid-gas
102
Mass is conserved in a change of state? T / F
True You still have the same amount of matter
103
The amount of mass stays the same/changes during a change of state?
Stays the same
104
Water vapor changes directly to ice by ____________.
Deposition
105
Water vapor changes to a liquid by ____________.
Condensation
106
The change of a solid directly to a gas is called ______________.
Sublimation
Ex. Dry ice goes directly to gas.
107
What happens to the energy that is lost when water freezes?
It is lost to the environment
108
What happens to particles when a substance gains energy and changes state?
Particle movement increases
Particles spacing increases
Chemical bond is broken and a change of state occurs.
109
How do evaporation and boiling differ?
Boiling happens more quickly and throughout the liquid. Evaporation is slower and happens at the surface of the liquid only.
