Biology - Chpt 28 Flashcards
(11 cards)
Summarize trends in evolution of nervous systems in animals
AKA. HOW DID GOD MAKE DIFFERENT NERVOUS SYSTEMS
- simple –> nerve nets
- interneurons grouped into gaglia
- cephalization - group sensory and interneurons in a “head”
- brains
Describe how animals respond to stimuli
Via neurons
- Sensory neurons respond to stimuli
- interneurons pass information on
- motor neurons carry messages to muscles to respond
Describe different sensory systems in animals
- Individual sensory neurons
- sense organs
Many vertebrates have very sensitive organs of taste, smell and hearing.
Describe the three types of animal skeletons
- Hydrostatic skeleton. Fluids held in cavity with contractile body wall
- Exo skeleton - hard outer body covering. Must molt and grow new one as they grow
- Endo skeleton - skeleton within the body
Describe how muscles produce movement in animals
-Muscles are attached to and pull on different parts of the skeleton to cause movement
Compare sexual and asexual reproduction
Asexual - one parent
Sexual - two parents needed. Maintains genetic diversity
Contrast internal and external fertilization
Internal - eggs fertilized inside the body
External - eggs fertilized outside the body. Ex. Turtles, alligators
Describe the different patterns of embryo development in animals
Oviparous - embryos develop in eggs outside parents bodies
Ovoviviparous - develop within mother’s body but depend on yolk sac for nutrition
Viviparous - embryos get nutrients from mother
Explain how terrestrial vertebrates are adapted to reproduction on land
Most need a wet or moist environment for their eggs
- Most Aquatic must develop in water
- Reptiles, birds, and a few mammals can develop outside the mothers body and out of water
- Mammals are nourished by mother’s milk
Explain how homeostasis is maintained in animals
Body systems work together to maintain homeostasis
Describe the importance of body temperature control in animals
Ectothermic - body temp related to surrounding. Most reptiles, invertebrates, fishes and amphibians
Endothermic - regulated by body organs. Birds and mammals
