VCJH Science 7. Cells and Heredity

Question 0

Ribosome

Answer 0

Makes proteins

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

Protects the cell

Question 2

Chloroplast

Answer 2

Organelle in plants where photosynthesis occurs .

Question 3

Mitochondria

Answer 3

Supplies energy

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

Transports proteins

Question 5

Packages and ships proteins

Answer 5

Cell wall

Question 6

Surrounds the cell

Answer 6

Vacuole

Question 7

Stores food

Answer 7

Lysosomes

Question 8

What is the smallest functional and structural unit of all living things?

Answer 8

Cell

Question 9

All cells are surrounded by a______________?

Answer 9

Cell membrane

Question 10

A living thing is called a(an) _______________?

Answer 10

organism

Question 11

What are the three main ideas of cell theory?

Answer 11

• Cell is the basic unit
• Cells come from cells
• Organisms are made up of cells

Question 12

How does structure relate to function?

Answer 12

Structure determines function

Question 13

List the four basic types of tissues found in animals

Answer 13

Nervous
Muscle
Connective
Epithelial

Question 14

The esophagus, stomach, and intestines are part of the ____________ system

Answer 14

digestive

Question 15

What are the four levels of cellular organization in multicellular organisms?

Answer 15

Cell - tissue - organ - organ system

Question 16

Define homeostasis

Answer 16

It is the maintenance of a constant inernal state in a changing environment.

Question 17

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Answer 17

Active requires energy while passive does not

Question 18

List five things cells do to maintain homeostasis

Answer 18

• shivering
• obtain energy
• divide
• transport materials
• pumping blood

Question 19

Why is homeostasis important for cells as well as for an entire organism?

Answer 19

The cell must maintain a balance of things coming in and out while an organism must do the same thing on a larger scale.

Question 20

What provides the information for cell growth and function?

Answer 20

DNA

Question 21

The cell spends most of its time in what stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 21

interphase

Question 22

The nucleus of the parent cell has divided into two new nuclei after what process?

Answer 22

mitosis

Question 23

The condensed, visible form of chromatin is called __________?

Answer 23

Chromosome

Question 24

What happens in a cell during interphase?

Answer 24

Grows - produces organelles - DNA duplicates

Question 25

List the phases of mitosis in order

Answer 25

Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase

Question 26

What process produces haploid cells?

Answer 26

Meiosis

Question 27

What is the function of meiosis?

Answer 27

Produce sex cells so the organism can reproduce

Question 28

How does the number of chromosomes in sex cells compare with the number of chromosomes in body cells?

Answer 28

Sex cells - 23 chromosomes | Body cells - 46 chromosomes.. (Pairs of all 23)

Question 29

Sex cells produces by males are called __________. | Those produced by females are called __________.

Answer 29

Male - sperm | Female - eggs

Question 30

Identify the steps of meiosis I and describe what happens during each phase

Answer 30

Prophase I - duplicated chromosomes pair up and the nucleus membrane breaks Metaphase I - The chromosomes line up in the middle Anaphase I - Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell Telophase I and Cytokinesis I - The cell divides and nuclear membranes reform for both.

Question 31

Identify the steps of Meiosis II and describe what takes place during each phase.

Answer 31

Prophase II - Nuclear membranes break down in both cells Metaphase II - The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cells Anaphase II - The chromatids move to opposite sides of the cells Melophase II and Cytokinesis II - Cells divide and make four new haploid cells

Question 32

Golgi complex

Answer 32

Packages and ships proteins.