VCJH History 7 Chpt 21 Enlightenment

Question 0

The Enlightenment was mostly a secular or non-religious movement T/F?

Answer 0

True

Question 1

What was the Enlightenment?

Answer 1

Age of Reason. Time period defined by the use of reason in guiding people’s thoughts about philosophy, society, and politics.

Question 2

What were some movements that influenced the Enlightenment?

Answer 2

Scientific Revolution, Renaissance, Reformation, and Greek and Roman philosophy.

Question 3

Philosophers from what countries influenced the Age of Reason?

Answer 3

France and England

Question 4

Which French philosopher mocked government and religion in his writings?

Answer 4

Voltaire. Instead of trusting God to improve human happiness, Voltaire believed humans could improve their own existence.

Question 5

Which British writer argued that women should have the same rights as men?

Answer 5

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 6

Which English writer believed economics was governed by natural laws and individuals should be free to make their own choices.

Answer 6

Adam Smith

Question 7

How did Enlightenment thinkers spread their ideas?

Answer 7

Through writings and meetings called salons.

Question 8

Which Enlightenment writer argued against censorship?

Answer 8

Voltaire

Question 9

What Enlightenment thinkers contributed to the creation of modern democracy?

Answer 9

Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau

Question 10

Which English philosopher thought all people had the natural rights to life, liberty, and property?

Answer 10

John Locke.

He also argued that government was a contract between the ruler and the people.

Question 11

Which French philosopher thought that the government should have separation of powers to divide control?

Answer 11

Charles-Louis Montewquieu

Question 12

Which French philosopher believed in popular sovereignty or that governments should express the will of the people?

Answer 12

Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Believed in a “social contract”’ where citizens submit to government authority so the government can protect their own interests.

Question 13

Which American leader argued in English Parliament that there should be “no taxation without representation”?

Answer 13

Benjamin Franklin

Question 14

What does divine right to rule mean?

Answer 14

Kings, queens and emperors thought they had been given the right to rule by God.

Question 15

What did enlightened despots try to do?

Answer 15

Make the lives of their common people better.

Question 16

What did Locke believe was the purpose of government?

Answer 16

Government existed only for the public good of the people.

Question 17

Why would separation of powers protect people’s freedoms? Who originated this thought?

Answer 17

The different branches of government would share power and one could not take away the rights of people.
Montesquieu

Question 18

What was the English Bill of Rights?

Answer 18

A document that listed rights for Parliament and the English people. It ended divine right to rule in England and gave Parliament the right to pass laws and raise taxes.

Question 19

What events led to the creation of the English Bill of Rights?

Answer 19

Struggles between the English monarchs and Parliament.

Question 20

What document ended divine right to rule in England? Which rulers agreed to this?

Answer 20

English Bill of Rights

William and Mary

Question 21

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 21

Thomas Jefferson

Question 22

The Declaration of Independence states that men are given certain unalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Which Enlightenment thinker expressed similar thoughts?

Answer 22

John Locke - life, liberty and property

Question 23

The Declaration of Independence stated that people unhappy with their government had the right to change it. Which Enlightenment thinker had similar thoughts?

Answer 23

Rousseau

Question 24

Our Constitution was authored mainly by whom?

Answer 24

James Madison

Question 25

The Constitution divided our central government into how many branches? What are they?

Answer 25

Three. Legislative branch - Congress - makes laws Executive branch - President - enforce laws Judicial branch - Courts - interpret laws

Question 26

Dividing the United States government into three branches reflected the early ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?

Answer 26

Montesquieu

Question 27

What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?

Answer 27

Constitution of the new French democracy which gave freedom of speech, of the press and of religion.

Question 28

What caused the conflict between the English monarchy and Parliament?

Answer 28

The monarchy believed in divine right to rule and would not respect the rights and powers of Parliament.

Question 29

What was the connection between the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights?

Answer 29

The Magna Carta came first (hundreds of years earlier) but monarchs had not honored it. The English Bill of Rights reinforced the ideas of the Magna Carta such as limited powers for the ruler and recognized rights for the people.

Question 30

What basic rights were listed in the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 30

Right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Question 31

How was French society organized before the French Revolution?

Answer 31

Split into three groups called estates. First estate - clergy - many priveleges Second estate - nobles - important positions in military, government, and courts Third estate - other people - peasants, craftsmen, and merchants. Paid the highest taxes but had few rights.

Question 32

What order did the revolutions happen in France, England and the United States?

Answer 32

England - United States - France

Question 33

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” ``` This passage is based mainly on the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker? A Voltaire B John Locke C Adam Smith D Charles-Louis Montesquieu” ```

Answer 33

B John Locke

Question 34

The idea that a king’s rule is limited is contained in which earlier document in English history? A Magna Carta B Ninety-Five Theses C Proclamation of 1763 D The Declaration of Independence”

Answer 34

A Magna Carta

Question 35

The period of history known as the Enlightenment grew out of all of the following except: A the Renaissance. B the ideas of the ancient Greeks. C the Scientific Revolution. D the writings of Confucius.

Answer 35

D the writings of Confucius

Question 36

``` The U.S. Constitution divides the power to govern among the president, the Congress, and the courts. This approach to government is based on the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker? A John Locke B Denis Diderot C Charles-Louis Montesquieu D Mary Wollstonecraft ```

Answer 36

C Charles-Louis Montesquieu

Question 37

``` What view did the political thinkers of the Enlightenment share with the scientists of the Scientific Revolution? A a belief in reason B a belief in human rights C a belief in divine right D a belief in democracy ```

Answer 37

A a belief in reason

Question 38

``` You already learned about the Greek philosopher Plato, who taught that society should be based on fairness and justice for all. Which European later best expressed Plato’s idea? A Oliver Cromwell B Sir Isaac Newton C Adam Smith D Jean-Jacques Rousseau ```

Answer 38

D Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 39

You have learned about various forms of government. The Enlightenment idea that governments should express the will of the people was illustrated in ancient history by A the Ten Commandments. B the Roman Republic. C the city-states of Mesopotamia. D the teachings of the Buddha

Answer 39

B the Roman Republic.

Question 40

Match these terms: Enlightenment- English Bill of Rights - Voltaire - John Locke - natural rights - popular sovereignty - secular - Charles-Louis Montesquieu - Benjamin Franklin 1. non-religious 2. argued for the colonists’ rights before Parliament 3. a period also known as the Age of Reason 4. proposed the separation of powers 5. document that William and Mary had to sign before they could rule 6. spoke out against censorship 7. the idea that governments should express the will of the people 8. included life, liberty, and property in Locke’s view 9. argued against divine right in Two Treatises on Civil Government

Answer 40

a. Enlightenment 3.-period known as Age of Reason b. English Bill of Rights 5.-document signed by William & Mary c. Voltaire 6.- spoke out against censorship d. John Locke 9.- argued against divine right in Two Treatises e. natural rights - 8.- life, liberty, and property in Locke's view f. popular sovereignty 7.- idea that government should work for people g. secular 1-Non-religious h. Charles-Louis Montesquieu i. Benjamin Franklin 2- argued for colonist's rights before Parliament