Unit 2, Chapter 14

Question 1

Rendezvous

Answer 1

The principal marketplace of the northwest fur trade

-peaked in the 1820s and 1830s

Question 2

Ecological imperialism

Answer 2

Historians term for the spoliation of western natural resources through excessive hunting, lodging, mining, and grazing

Question 3

Ancient order of Hibernians

Who? What?

Answer 3

(Mid-nineteenth century) Irish semi secret society that served as a benevolent Organization for the down trodden Irish immigrants in the United States

Question 4

Molly maguires

Who? What?

Answer 4

(1860s-1870s) Secret organization of Irish miners who campaign, at all times violently, against the poor working conditions in the Pennsylvania mines

Question 5

Tommany hall

What? Where?

Answer 5

(Established 1789) powerful New York political machine that primarily through support from the cities immigrants who depended on tomanny hall patronage, partially social services

Question 6

Know-nothing party

Answer 6

(1850s) nativist political party also known as the American party that emerged in response to an influx of immigrants particularly Irish Catholics

Question 7

Awful disclosures

Answer 7

(1836) Maria monk’s sensational exposé of alleged honors in catholic covents
- reflected nativist fears of Catholic influence

Question 8

Industrial revolution

Answer 8

Shift toward mass production and mechanization that included the creation of the modern factory system

Question 9

Cotton gin
(Who? What did this lead do?)

Answer 9

(1793) Eli Whitney’s. Invention that sped up the process of harvesting cotton
- made cotton cultivation more profitable revitalizing the southern economy and increasing the importance of slavery in the south

Question 10

Patent office

Answer 10

Federal government bureau that reviews patent Applications

-patent-legal recognition of a new invention granting exclusive rights to the inventor for a period of years

Question 11

Limited liability

Answer 11

Legal principle that facilitates Capital investments by offering protection for individual investors who in cases of legal claims or bankruptcy cannot be held responsible for more than the value of their individual shares

Question 12

Commonwealth vs hunt

Answer 12

(1842) Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that strengthened the labor movement by upholding the legality of unions

Question 13

Factory girls

Answer 13

Young women employed in the growing factories of the early 19th century
-they labored long hours in difficult conditions living in socially new conditions away from farms and families

Question 14

Cult of domesticity (true women hood)

Answer 14

Persuasive 19th century cultural creed that venerated the domestic role of women
-it gave married women greater authority to shape home life but limited opportunities outside the domestic sphere

Question 15

McCormick reaper

Answer 15

(1831) mechanized the harvest of grains, such as wheat, allowing farmers to cultivate larger plots
- fueled the establishment of large-scale commercial agriculture in the Midwest

Question 16

Turnpike

Answer 16

Privately funded, toll based public road constructed in the early 19th century to facilitate commerce

Question 17

Erie Canal

Answer 17

(completed 1825) New York State canal that linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River
-dramatically lowered shipping costs, fueling an economic boom in upstate New York and increasing the profitability of farming in the old northwest

Question 18

Clipper ships

Answer 18

(1840s-1850s) small, swift vessels that gave American shippers an advantage in the carrying of trade

Question 19

Pony express

Answer 19

(1860-1861) short lived, speedy mail service between Missouri and California that relies on lightweight riders galloping between closely placed posts

Question 20

Transportation revolution

Answer 20

(19th century) series of transportation innovations-turnpikes, steamboats, canals, and railroads- that linked local and regional markets, creating a national economy

Question 21

Self reliance

Answer 21

(1841)Ralf Waldo Emerson’s popular lecture that reflected the spirit of individualism first Pervasive in American popular culture during the 1830s and 1840s

Question 22

Market revolution

Answer 22

(18th century to 19th century) transformation from a disaggregated subsistence economy to a national commercial and industrial network

• turnpike (toll road)
• Robert Fulton-steamboat
• Erie Canal (1817-1825)