3.3.2 Adrenaline & Acute stress

Question 1

(SAM) what does SAM stand for?

Answer 1

sympathomedullary pathway

Question 2

(SAM) when a stressor is perceived an immediate physical response is triggered through which branch of the ANS?

Answer 2

sympathetic

Question 3

(SAM) activation of the sympathetic branch of the ANS triggers what response?

Answer 3

fight or flight

Question 4

(SAM) 1. a stressor is perceived activating what?

Answer 4

the hypothalamus

Question 5

(SAM) 2. what pathway is activated?

Answer 5

the SAM pathway

Question 6

(SAM) 3. which branch of the ANS is activated?

Answer 6

the sympathetic

Question 7

(SAM) 4. activation of the sympathetic branch stimulates what?

Answer 7

the adrenal medulla

Question 8

(SAM) 5. the adrenal medulla secretes what?

Answer 8

adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream

Question 9

(SAM) 6. what do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

Answer 9

prepare the body for fight or flight

Question 10

(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does saliva production decrease?

Answer 10

focus on essential functions

Question 11

(f or f) in the fight or flight response why do pupils dilate?

Answer 11

to allow in as much light as possible for improved vision

Question 12

(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does quick, deep breathing occur?

Answer 12

to get more oxygen to muscles in preparation for fight or flight

Question 13

(f or f) in the fight or flight response why do blood vessels close to the skin constrict?

Answer 13

to direct blood to where it is necessary - essential organs

Question 14

(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does the heart beat faster?

Answer 14

to pump oxygenated blood to respiring muscle tissue quickly

Question 15

(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does the output of digestive enzymes in the stomach decrease?

Answer 15

to focus on essential functions

Question 16

(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does food movement slow?

Answer 16

to focus on essential functions

Question 17

(f or f) in the fight or flight response why do major blood vessels dilate?

Answer 17

to pump more oxygenated blood to muscles quickly

Question 18

(freeze) according to Barlow (2002) when might a freeze reaction occur?

Answer 18

in situations when running or fighting back would be ineffective

Question 19

(freeze) give examples of where the freeze reaction is seen:

Answer 19

animals that play dead when faced with a predator

human victims of violent crime sometimes report being unable to move

Question 20

(freeze) Koutsikou et al suggest the freeze reaction may have what?

Answer 20

a biological basis

Question 21

(freeze) Koutsikou et al researched rats and identified a pathway linking what?

Answer 21

the PAG and the pyramis of the cerebellum

Question 22

(freeze) what is the PAG (periaqueductal grey) responsible for?

Answer 22

how humans and animals perceive danger

Question 23

(freeze) what does the pyramis do?

Answer 23

causes the body to freeze in place

Question 24

(evolution) what is the EEA?

Answer 24

environment of evolutionary adaptiveness

Question 25

(evolution) what are adaptive behaviours?

Answer 25

behaviours which helped aid survival and reproduction via natural selection

Question 26

(evolution) what happens to adaptive behaviours?

Answer 26

passed on

Question 27

(evolution) what is the fight or flight reaction?

Answer 27

an adaptive behaviour it would have helped survival and reproduction

Question 28

(evolution) why might the fight or flight reaction not be adaptive today?

Answer 28

we have more psychological stressors than physical stressors - physical response is outdated

Question 29

(heart) what has a direct effect on the heart?

Answer 29

high levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 30

(heart) high levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline are linked to what?

Answer 30

cardiovascular disorders heart attacks stroked high blood pressure