3.3.2 Evaluation: Adrenaline & Acute Stress

Question 1

(support of C. issues) a number of research studies support the link between stress and what?

Answer 1

cardiovascular problems

Question 2

(support of C. issues) Kario et al (2003) researched which earthquake?

Answer 2

Kobe earthquake in which 6400 people died

Question 3

(support of C. issues) Kario et al found in areas close to the centre of the earthquake there was how much of an increase in heart attacks?

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

(support of C. issues) Kario et al found in areas close to the centre of the earthquake there was how much of an increase in sudden death?

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

(support of C. issues) what does Kario et al’s research support?

Answer 5

link between stress, adrenaline and cardiovascular disease

Question 6

(support of C. issues) Leor et al found what on the day of the north ridge California earthquake in 1994?

Answer 6

Increase in the number of deaths caused by cardiovascular problems

Question 7

(support of C. issues) Leor’s research provides evidence supporting what?

Answer 7

Sudden acute stress and release of adrenaline are linked win cardiovascular disease

Question 8

(support of C. issues) quasi experiments were used in earthquake research, why is this good?

Answer 8

You cannot create and earthquake for practical reasons

You cannot cause people cardiovascular issues for ethical reasons

Question 9

(support of C. issues) what is an issue of using quasi experiments?

Answer 9

Lack of control over EVs and CVs so you can’t establish cause and effect

Question 10

(Stress not causal factor) dimsdale said we need to be cautious when saying stress causes heart disease, why?

Answer 10

A number other factors are involved

Question 11

(Stress not causal factor) what might some factors be which may cause heart disease?

Answer 11

Genetic predisposition

Diet

Question 12

(Stress not causal factor) in the UK million women study what did Liu suggest?

Answer 12

People who are ill may report higher stress and lower happiness rather than stress causing the illness

Question 13

(Stress not causal factor) what did Liu analyse data from?

Answer 13

700000 questionnaires completed by women on happiness and health

Question 14

(Stress not causal factor) in Liu’s study 10 years after questionnaires were completed how many people died?

Answer 14

4%

Question 15

(Stress not causal factor) when Liu considered causes of death inc cardiovascular problems what did he find?

Answer 15

Death rates were equal amongst the happy and unhappy

Question 16

(Stress not causal factor)what does Liu’s research indicate?

Answer 16

There is no link between stress, adrenaline and cardiovascular problems

Question 17

(Gender differences) what is an issue of a lot of research into the fight or flight response?

Answer 17

Focuses on males
Beta gender bias
Assumes women respond the same

Question 18

(Gender differences)why does a lot of research focus on males?

Answer 18

Biologically simpler

Question 19

(Gender differences) what would happen if a woman fled or fought her attacker in the EEA?

Answer 19

She would put her offspring at risk

If she was killed they wouldn’t survive

Question 20

(Gender differences) Taylor et al said the tend and befriend response was more adaptive for women, what is this?

Answer 20

Nurturing their young

Creating social networks with other women

Question 21

(Gender differences) why can gender differences be seen as a weakness for the fight or flight explanation?

Answer 21

Suggests women and men have different responses to stress

Question 22

(Challenge vs threat) explaining stress purely in terms of a biological response is what?

Answer 22

Biologically reductionist

Question 23

(Challenge vs threat) Blascovich & Tomaka suggest a difference in how our body responds to stress is dependant on what?

Answer 23

Whether we see the event as a challenge or threat

Question 24

(Challenge vs threat) what happens if we see an event as a a challenge?

Answer 24

Blood vessels relax
Heart beats powerfully
Improved performance

Question 25

(Challenge vs threat) what happens if we perceive the event as a threat?

Answer 25

Heart rate increases | Negative effects occur e.g. Those on the heart

Question 26

(Challenge vs threat) if we only focus on the biology of stress what are we ignoring?

Answer 26

The psychology of stress

Question 27

(Challenge vs threat) Jamieson et al randomly allocated participants to 3 groups giving them a stressful task involving what?

Answer 27

delivering a speech to observers providing negative feedback

Question 28

(Challenge vs threat) Jamieson - what did participants do in the appraisal condition?

Answer 28

Think about their psychological response as functional and useful (challenge)

Question 29

(Challenge vs threat) Jamieson - what did participants do in the comparison condition?

Answer 29

Ignored source of stress

Question 30

(Challenge vs threat) Jamieson - what did participants do in the third group?

Answer 30

They were given no instructions

Question 31

(Challenge vs threat) Jamieson - participants who reappraised their psychological response showed what ?

Answer 31

A more adaptive cardiovascular response

Question 32

(Challenge vs threat) What does Jamieson's research suggest?

Answer 32

We may be ignoring the psychological aspect of stress

Question 33

What is a more comprehensive way to look at stress?

Answer 33

Diathesis stress model | Stress is biological and psychological