3.2.3 Cognitive Evaluation (Sch)

Question 1

(Schemas) Hemsley believed the breakdown between memory and new info is caused by what?

Answer 1

Abnormalities in the hippocampus but as of yet there is no evidence

Question 2

(Support) Barch compared people with and without schizophrenia performance on what?

Answer 2

A stroop test

Question 3

(Support) Barch - those with schizophrenia were what?

Answer 3

Slower and made more mistakes

Question 4

(Support) how does Barch’s research support Friths theory that positive symptoms can be explained by lack of filters?

Answer 4

Barch concluded his research gave evidence those with schizophrenia couldn’t filter information as effectively

Question 5

(Support) was Barch’s research scientific and controlled?

Answer 5

Yes it had an experimental and control group

Question 6

(Support) what is a strength of controlled research?

Answer 6

It can be repeated to get consistent results allowing a cause and effect relationship to be established

Question 7

(Support) research by Johns provides evidence for which theory?

Answer 7

Theory of mind

Question 8

(Support) Johns asked individuals experiencing what and a healthy control group to do what?

Answer 8

Experiencing verbal hallucinations and delusions

Read words aloud under 4 conditions

Question 9

(Support) Johns - what was the first condition they had to read words in?

Answer 9

Reading out loud

Question 10

(Support)Johns - The second condition involved reading aloud with what?

Answer 10

Acoustic distortion of their own voice

Question 11

(Support) Johns - the third condition involved reading aloud while hearing what?

Answer 11

Someone else’s voice

Question 12

(Support) Johns - the fourth condition involved reading aloud with distorted what?

Answer 12

Alien feedback

Question 13

(Support) Johns after saying each word participants indicated what?

Answer 13

The source of the word they heard

Question 14

(Support) Johns - individuals with schizophrenia were more likely to do what?

Answer 14

Misattribute the source of their own distorted voice when words were insulting

Question 15

(Support) Johns research suggests individuals experiencing verbal hallucinations have compromised what?

Answer 15

Self monitoring

Question 16

(Reductionist) Frith says the faulty cognitive mechanism in schizophrenia is due to disconnection in what?

Answer 16

Functions within frontal cortex (decisions) and posterior areas (perception)

Question 17

(Reductionist) Friths evidence is from his detecting changes in what?

Answer 17

Cerebral blood flow in people with schizophrenia when completing cognitive tasks

Question 18

(Reductionist) was friths research scientific?

Answer 18

Yes

Scientific methods to measure blood flow

Question 19

(Reductionist) friths explanation can be seen as a weakness due to being reductionist as it reduces what?

Answer 19

Complex cognitive mechanisms in schizophrenia to functioning of certain areas of the brain

Question 20

(Reductionist) why can reductionism be seen as good?

Answer 20

Means it is scientific

Allows for research of isolated factors e.g. Brain function

Question 21

(Not comprehensive theory) what symptoms of schizophrenia does the cognitive approach explain well?

Answer 21

Cognitive symptoms

Question 22

(Not comprehensive theory) what symptoms are not explained well?

Answer 22

Non cognitive

E.g. Issues with movement

Question 23

(Not comprehensive theory) what does it mean that the approach explains proximal causes but not distal?

Answer 23

Explains what causes symptoms but not the cause of the condition

Question 24

(Not comprehensive theory) we need to be cautious about what?

Answer 24

Claims made by the cognitive approach as a single explanation

Question 25

(Integrated model) is the cognitive explanation reductionist?

Answer 25

Yes

Reduced schizophrenia to disconnection of cognitive function

Question 26

(Integrated model) why do we need to look at schizophrenia in a more holistic way?

Answer 26

Complex disorder with many contributing factors

Question 27

(Integrated model) Howes and Murrays interrelated model proposes genes and factors in early life combine with what? To do what?

Answer 27

Life events and social stressors

To provoke dopamine release

Question 28

(Integrated model) increased dopamine secretion causes issues in what?

Answer 28

Cognitive processing

Hallucinations and delusions

Question 29

(Integrated model) the individual gets stuck in a vicious circle why?

Answer 29

Stress of symptoms promoted more dopamine and more symptoms

Question 30

(Integrated model) suggests the cognitive explanation is insufficient alone but could what?

Answer 30

Contribute to a wider theory of schizophrenia

Question 31

(Application) what does CBT help individuals with schizophrenia do?

Answer 31

Organise disordered thoughts in a rational way

To challenge symptoms

Question 32

(Application) is CBT recommended?

Answer 32

Yes by NICE for those with onset of schizophrenia based on supporting evidence