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A Level Psychology > 1.3.2 Systematic Desensitisation > Flashcards

1.3.2 Systematic Desensitisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is systematic desensitisation?

A

A behavioural therapy used to treat phobias

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2
Q

What does the behavioural approach say about behaviour?

A

All behaviours have been learnt

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3
Q

According to classical conditioning when people have a traumatic experience with an object of situation…

A

They associate the object or situation with fear and anxiety

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4
Q

If we learn behaviours what else can we do?

A

Unlearn maladaptive behaviours

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5
Q

Whatever has been learnt…

A

Can be relearnt (unlearned)

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6
Q

What does systematic desensitisation aim to do?

A

Extinguish maladaptive behaviours and enable individuals to learn new more adaptive behaviours to replace them

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7
Q

Which case formed the basis of systematic desensitisation?

A

The case of little Peter (1924)

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8
Q

What did little Peter have a fear of?

A

Small furry animals particularly rabbits

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9
Q

How did they overcome little peters fear?

A

Associated rabbits with the unconditioned stimulus food to get the conditioned response of happiness

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10
Q

How did little peters study link with the principles of classical conditioning?

A

Little Peter made an association or rabbits with food and pleasantness

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11
Q

How did little peters study link positive reinforcement with the principles of operant conditioning?

A

Positive reinforcement as Peter was rewarded with food for coping with the rabbit

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12
Q

How did little peters study link with negative reinforcement in the principles of operant conditioning?

A

Removed the unpleasantness (phobia)

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13
Q

Based on little peters experiment who developed systematic desensitisation? (1950)

A

Wolpe

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14
Q

What did Wolpe do in his experiments to cause a fear?

A

He taught cats to be scared of boxes by placing them in the box and giving them electric shocks

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15
Q

How did Wolpe reverse the fear?

A

By using food to bring the cat closer and closer to the box until it had no fear

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16
Q

What did the success of wolpes experiments in reducing extreme anxiety lead him to suggest…

A

A similar process could be used to treat phobic disorders in humans

17
Q

What do behaviourists say about animal research?

A

It can be applied to humans as we both learn in the same way (via conditioning)

18
Q

What is step 1 of SD?

A

Relaxation

19
Q

What do patients learn in step 1/relaxation?

A

Patients are taught relaxation techniques that they are to use when faced with their phobia

20
Q

What is relaxation (step 1) important?

A

A relaxed state is incompatible with anxiety (reciprocal inhibition)

21
Q

How does step 1 (relaxation) link with the principles of operant conditioning?

A

It is negative reinforcement, the relaxation removes the anxiety

22
Q

What is step 2 of SD?

A

Drawing up the hierarchy

23
Q

What happens in step 2?

A

Client and therapist ire together to draw up a hierarchy of anxiety provoking situations (least to most scary)

24
Q

Give an example of a hierarchy for someone with fear of dogs (step 2):

A

Toy dog > photo of real dog > video of real dog > real dog on leash at a distance > real dog close by > not on leash > dog jumps on you

25
Q

What are steps 3 and 4?

A

3 - desensitisation

4 - achieving relaxation

26
Q

What happens during step 3 and 4?

A

Client faced with situation at the bottom of the hierarchy
Applies relaxation techniques
Achieves relaxation

27
Q

What happens during step 3/4 when the client achieved relaxation?

A

They move to the next anxiety provoking situation in the hierarchy

28
Q

Step 3 and 4 are done at…

A

The clients pace

29
Q

What is step 5 of SD?

A

Complete treatment

30
Q

What happens during step 5?

A

The client can stay relaxed when confronted with the situation at the top of the hierarchy

31
Q

According to the principles of classical conditioning when the client reaches the top of the hierarchy in step 5 what have they experienced?

A

Counter conditioning

32
Q

What happens in counter conditioning give an example?

A

New association is made

E.g dogs no longer produce a fear response but instead are associated with relaxation

A Level Psychology (131 decks)

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