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A Level Psychology > 1.5.4 Who Is Happy? > Flashcards

1.5.4 Who Is Happy? Flashcards

1
Q

Who conducted the research and when?

A

Myers and deiner

1995

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2
Q

The research wants to understand how we can improve people’s lives by doing what?

A

Making them happier

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3
Q

Myers and deiner looked at the evidence for what?

A

What makes people happy

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4
Q

(M and P) What research method was used and what did this involve?

A

Literature review

Searched for articles relating to finding out who is happy

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5
Q

(M and P)The research they reviewed used methods such as what?

A 
Self reports
Observations 
Correlations
Reviews 
Meta analysis
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6
Q

(M and P) In self report methods questionnaires and interviews were used to measure what?

A

Subjective sense of wellbeing

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7
Q

(M and P) What type of questions were used in self report?

A

Open and closed

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8
Q

(M and P) What needs to be done to happiness in self reports?

A

Operationalised

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9
Q

(M and P) What type of questionnaires was it easier to operationalise happiness in?

A

Closed

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10
Q

(M and P) Give an example of a closed question operationalising happiness?

A

How often did you smile today?
Every 10 minutes
Every half and hour
Every hour

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11
Q

(M and P) Research also used observations using what?

A

Pagers/beepers

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12
Q

(M and P) How did the pagers/beepers work?

A

Person would get a message asking how they were feeling and would record it

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13
Q

(M and P) Some research used correlations looking at how happiness did what?

A

Covaried with other factors like age or income

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14
Q

(M and P) other research used reviews or meta analysis combining what?

A

A number of pieces of research

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15
Q

(Findings - myths) age - inglehart found no time in life is what? How was this shown?

A

No more happy or unhappy

Survey of 16 countries all ages reported 80% life satisfaction

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16
Q

(Findings - myths) age - depression, suicide and divorce are not what?

A

Restricted to a certain age e.g. Mid life crisis during your 40s you can have a crisis at any age

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17
Q

(Findings - myths) age - empty nest syndrome is rare most couples are what after the kids have left?

A

Happy after the stress of raising them

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18
Q

(Findings - myths) age - with different ages different factors contribute to happiness, what becomes more important in later life?

A

Health

Social relationships

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19
Q

(Findings - myths) sex - ingleharts survey found what percent of men and women were satisfied with life?

A

80%

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20
Q

(Findings - myths) sex - in a meta analysis gender accounted for what percent of wellbeing?

A

1%

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21
Q

(Findings - myths) sex - men are 5x more vulnerable to what?

A

Alcoholism

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22
Q

(Findings - myths) sex - women are twice as vulnerable to what?

A

Depression and anxiety

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23
Q

(Findings - myths) money - people’s income in the US doubled between 1957-93 but what happened to happiness?

A

Fell by 3%

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24
Q

(Findings - myths) money - survey of US what percent of students said being well off financially was an essential life goal?

A

75%

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25
Q

(Findings - myths) money - the goal of being well off came where out of how many life objectives?

A

1st out of 19

Ahead of raising a family and helping other

26
Q

(Findings - myths) money - deiner found a small correlation of what between income and happiness?

A

+0.12

27
Q

(Findings - myths) money - Forbes list of wealthiest Americans how many are less happy than the average American?

A

37%

28
Q

(Findings - myths) race - African Americans are less vulnerable to what?

A

Depression than European Americans

29
Q

(Findings - myths) race - those in individualist cultures report greater what?

A

Subjective well being than collectivist

30
Q

(Findings - myths) race - in Portugal how many people reported being very happy compared to Netherlands?

A

P - 10%

N - 40%

31
Q

(Findings - happy people) traits - what are the traits of happy people?

A

Personal control
Optimistic
Extrovert
High self esteem

32
Q

(Findings - happy people) traits - control those feeling empowered do what?

A

Better in school and cope with stress

33
Q

(Findings - happy people) traits - when people loose control they suffer what?

A

Worse health e.g. Prisoners

34
Q

(Findings - happy people) optimistic - those agreed when they do something new they expect to succeed were more what?

A

Successful
Healthier
Happier

35
Q

(Findings - happy people) traits - extraverts are happier when?

A

Both alone and with others compared to introverts

36
Q

(Findings - happy people) traits - high self esteem - those with high self esteem agreed with what?

A

I am a lot of fun

37
Q

(Findings - happy people) traits - happy people like what?

A

Themselves

38
Q

(Findings - happy people) relationships - people who can name several intimate friends are what?

A

Happier
Healthy
Less likely to die prematurely

39
Q

(Findings - happy people) married people are happier than those not married, what percent of married and never married adults said they were very happy?

A

24% never married

39% married

40
Q

(Findings - happy people) relationships - 33 holocaust recalled their experiences those most disclosing had what?

A

Most improved Heath 14 months later

41
Q

(Findings - happy people) faith - religious people are slightly less vulnerable to what?

A

Depression

42
Q

(Findings - happy people) faith - in North America and Europe religious people reported higher levels of what?

A

Happiness and life satisfaction

43
Q

(Findings - happy people) faith - religious people were less likely to do what?

A

Abuse drugs and alcohol
Divorce
Be unhappily married
Commit suicide

44
Q

(Findings - happy people) work - people who work are happier than who?

A

Unemployed

45
Q

(Findings - happy people) work - can provide community, support and a sense of what?

A

Focus and purpose

46
Q

(Findings - happy people) work- people most happy when engaged in and experiencing what?

A

Flow

47
Q

(Findings - happy people) work - what is flow?

A

State when we are so caught up in activity the mind doesn’t wander

48
Q

(Findings - happy people) why can work be unsatisfactory?

A

Too stressful

Boring

49
Q

(Conclusions) we cannot predict happiness from what?

A

Persons age, sex or income

50
Q

(Conclusions) we can link happiness and what?

A

Race/culture

51
Q

(Conclusions) happy people often have what?

A

Close relationships
Enjoyable work
Faith

52
Q

(Conclusions) what are the 3 aspects of a theory of happiness?

A

Importance of adaptation
Cultural world view
Values and goals

53
Q

(Conclusions) adaptation - humans have an incredible capacity to adapt to what?

A

Life circumstances

54
Q

(Conclusions) adaptation - a longitudinal study concluded it is only events over when that influence our SWB?

A

Last 3 months

55
Q

(Conclusions) cultural world view - different cultures interpret different life events differently which may affect what?

A

Happiness

56
Q

(Conclusions) cultural world view - in some cultures death is more about what?

A

Celebrating life than mourning

57
Q

(Conclusions) cultures also view what differently?

A

The world

Scary/good

58
Q

(Conclusions) values and goals - people with high SWB have what?

A

Long and short term goals

59
Q

(Conclusions) values and goals - happiness grows more from involvement in what?

A

Valued activities and progression towered goals

60
Q

(Conclusions) values and goals - other factors such as money and intelligence only influence happiness if what?

A

They relate to your goals

A Level Psychology (131 decks)

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