Chem ch 15 Flashcards

(68 cards)

1
Q

no hydrogen bonding (the twins)

A

aldehydes and ketones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

formaldehyde

A

methanal - CH2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acetaldehyde

A

ethanal - CH3-C (=O attached at the top) -H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the H will always be shown in an..

A

aldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

no hydrogens on

A

ketones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

benzaldehyde

A

just benzene w/ CHO attached at top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when naming an aldehyde attached to cyclic, name it…(with the cyclic it’s too many carbs)

A

cyclohexane carbaldehyde - the cyclo w/ carbaldehyde at the end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

naming straight chain aldehydes (alden is al)

A

don’t number the aldehyde - it’s just 3-methylhexanal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

does aldehyde or OH group have priority?

A

aldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ketones end in (literally the end of ketone)

A

one, ie 3-pentanone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

don’t do methyl & ethyl (common names) for ketones when..

A

the chains get longer. Just use IUPAC - ie. butanone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diphenyl ketone

A

a ketone w/ 2 phenyls - one on each side (phenyl is benzene minus one H)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when naming, if you have a ketone and a double bond…

A

split the name in half. ie - 3-penten-2-one. (the double bond on 3 goes first)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ending of a ketone (key to one heart)

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

aldehyde naming ends in (alden is al)

A

al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what has the highest boiling point? butane, butanol, or butanal?

A

butanal bc it has dipole dipole and H bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C and O is what type of bonding?

A

dipole dipole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

super solvent

A

acetone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

aldehydes oxidized to…

A

carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ketones oxidized to..(no oxy in the keys)

A

NR - can’t be oxidized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when oxidizing aldehyde

A

just attach the O to the H group - so it’s - OH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when oxidizing, if you already have a double bond O, attach the O

A

to the free H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tollen test or tollen’s reagent (pay the toll w/ silver - then cho)

A

used to distinguish between aldehyde and ketone. if silver, it’s an aldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

benedict’s test

A

blue copper turns brick red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
aldehyde w/ benedict test turns what color?
red
26
benedict test cannot be used to..
distinguish between aldheyde and ketone
27
reagent and product w/ tollen's test is...
reagent is Ag+, product is Ag
28
Reagent and product w/ Benedict's test (old Ben likes copper)
reagent is CU2+, and product is CU+
29
primary alcohol reduced to..
aldehyde
30
secondary alcohol reduced to
ketone
31
reducing agent brings what to a reaction?
H+ and H- (this is called hyride ion)
32
in a reduction reaction, you are literally just...
adding 2 Hs. One to the O group, and one to the free arm
33
pyruvic acid formula
CH3 - C (=O attached on top of the C)- COOH
34
NAD+ is an___agent (carbonyl group)
oxidizing
35
NADH is an____agent (carbonyl group)
reducing
36
aldehyde + alcohol = ?
hemiacetal
37
ketone + alcohol = ?
hemiketal
38
hemiacetals will always have this exact structure
OH, H, C (central carbon), OC, C
39
hemiketals will always have this structure
C (central carbon), OC, OH, C, C
40
reaction of acetalaldehyde
you are literally just moving the H to the top O and making it a single bond, and moving the O-CH3-CH3 (or whatever is in the chain) to the side of the central C
41
acetal vs. hemiacetal
hemiacetal has an OH, acetal just has an OR group
42
alkoxy group
any C attached to an O
43
carbonyl group
just C=O - that's it
44
when naming aldehydes, remember to...
count the C that is attached to the double O and H
45
when naming ketones using common name
Don't count the C with attached double O - just start on either side
46
when counting Cs on ketones with O in the middle
DO NOT count the O in the middle as a C
47
when drawing aldehydes...
remember to add an extra line with the H on the end
48
what ketones and aldehydes are water soluble?
simple ones
49
ketones are good solvents for..
many polar and nonpolar solutes
50
how to tell if aldehyde or ketone is soluble
if they have less than 4 carbons much more soluble. fewer than 5 or 6 are soluble.
51
aldehydes and ketones have lower BPs that alcohol because...
they only have dipole-dipole forces that are weak, easy to break. alcohols have hydrogen bonding.
52
C-C=O-H with a mild oxidizing agent
another O is added to the free H - so it's C-C=O-OH
53
what Tollen's test does
since ketones can't be oxidized (the don't have anywhere to attach the extra O) you're oxidizing to tell if it's an aldehyde or ketone
54
what benedict's test does
this is also an oxidizing agent, and it will turn red if aldehyde is present. BUT, it also turns red if there is a ketone with an OH next to the O, so it's not totally accurate. You need a negative Tollen's and positive Benedict to tell if it's a ketone
55
if you're reducing something like a benzaldehyde...
and you don't have anywhere to the put the extra H, just attach it to a separate line right next to the OH group at the top
56
hemiacetals
an alcohol plus an aldehyde
57
hemiketals
an alcohol plus a ketone
58
acetal
2 ether-like OR groups (O-CH2CH3) on same carbon that was an aldehyde
59
ketal
2 ether-like (O-CH2CH3) groups bonded to what was a ketone
60
how to recognize an acetal
2 OR groups (CH3O) and a H, it's acetal
61
how to recognize a ketal
2 OR groups (CH3O) and 2 R groups (Carbons) it's a ketal
62
how to tell if it's a hemiacetal or hemiketal
look for the C that has 2 single bonds to the O. if the 2 remaining bonds are C, it's a ketal. If one is C and the other is H, it's acetal.
63
acetaldehyde (ace the hyde w/ narc)
sweet smelling but narcotic
64
benzaldehyde (cherry benz)
sweet smelling cherry almond
65
what can be reduced to alcohol?
aldehydes and ketones
66
acetal
has 2 ether (either C or C) like groups bonded to a carbon - for example - OR-OR-C-C (OR is replacing the OH in hemiacetal)
67
acetal has same formula as hemiacetal but...
the OH will be replaced by an OR group. same with ketals and hemiketals
68
EASY way to identify hemiacetal or acetal
if the central carbon (the one attached to 2 Os) has 1 alkoxy group (an O with CH or something attached) it's a hemiacetal. If the C has O attached with 2 alkoxy groups, it's an acetal.