Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

XIO > Chem final > Flashcards

Chem final Flashcards

(88 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

alkanes alkenes and alkynes at room temp (alky gas)

A

gas. alkenes and alkynes 1-4 carbons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

benzene names

A

Methylbenzene is toluene. – Hydroxybenzene is phenol. –

Aminobenzene is aniline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

phenol

A

benezene w/ OH attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

phenyl

A

benzene as side chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

do alcohols have high bps?

A

yes, bc of H bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

do alkanes have high bps?

A

no, because they only have london

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

suffix for alcohols

A

ol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

diols and triols

A

2 and 3 alcohols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

glycols

A

Diols with two–OH groups on adjacent carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if you remove and a O or an H, you almost always have to replace it with…

A

a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
name  -            
                           O
                      /         \
                  H2C  -  CH2
                   (ether) (O but not oxy)

also 4 and 5 (furious diane)

A

ethylene oxide, and 4 is tetrahydrofuran, and 5 is 1,4 dioxane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

alkoxy and ex.

A

an OR group - OCH3 is methoxy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mercaptan (theo is captain)

A

thiol - have an SH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

halide common naming

A

bromide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

halide IUPAC naming

A

1-chloropropane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Configurations (can’t configure the stereo)

A

Stereoisomers that cannot be converted into one another by rotation around a single bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

formaldehyde (structure) (form JUST ONE)

A

O
||
H - C - H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

acetaldehyde (structure)

A

O
||
H3C - C - H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

common and IUPAC names for ketones

A

IUPAC name is 3-hexanone. The common name is ethyl propyl ketone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aldehydes and ketones - polar or non?

A

moderately polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

aldehydes, ketones, amine, acid, amides - soluble or not?

A

aldehydes, ketones - fewer than five or six carbon atoms are soluble in water because they are able to accept hydrogen bonds
amine up to 6.
acid - up to 4 carbons
amides - low weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

can aldehydes and ketones H bond with each other?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

aldehydes and ketones - low or high bps?

A

lower boiling points than alcohols but higher boiling points than alkanes because of dipole-dipole interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

aldehyde + alcohol =

A

hemiacetal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
D is alpha or beta?
beta
26
if acid is added to an aldehyde and ketone + alcohol =
acetal. No acid it's just a hemiacetal
27
hydrolysis of acetal or ketal causes what?
the formation of hemiacetal or hemiketal and then formation of aldehyde and ketone. The reverse.
28
COC (O double bond)
ketone
29
naming amines
N,N dimethyl propylamine - if the branches are different. And the parent is the longer chain
30
N-methylanaline
anything coming off of the N, even if the N is attached to benzene
31
bp of amines
higher than alkane, but not higher than OH
32
amines smell like..
ammonia - strong foul odor
33
carboxylic acid + alcohol = (ester drinks box alcohol)
ester - the biproduct is H20, so you're literally just moving the O from H20 to the other O.
34
hierarchy (CEAA KAT AE AAAHA) (see a cat, ae, ah)
Carboxylic Acids > Esters > Amides > Aldehydes > Ketones > Alcohols > Thiols > Amines > Ethers > Alkenes > Alkynes > Alkyl Halides > Alkanes
35
uses alpha and beta on carbons when naming (god likes boxes)
carboxylic acid
36
if there are 2 carboxylic acid groups, name it..
dioic acid
37
common name for carboxylic acid uses...(acid for god)
alpha and beta. The IUPAC is numbers, like 2, 3.
38
naming esters
left part has the ate - benzoate, acetate, etc. right part is the branch - ethyl, etc.
39
small amides - liquid or solid at room temp? (hamide is small but solid)
solid, all other things are liquid, except alkanes are gas
40
tertierary amide
has 3 bonds, so it's just an N, no H. (also can't do H bonding because it doesn't have an H)
41
amide naming ALSO uses...
N, N.
42
pKa, the larger and more positive number...
the weaker the acid
43
carboxylic acid + amine =
amide - byproduct is H2O
44
warming carboxylic acid + alcohol =
esterification
45
unsubstituted amide
NH2
46
ester hydrolysis is called...
saponification - it's the opposite of esterification
47
amino acids have high or low melting points?
high melting points - similar to salt
48
oligopeptides (olga is large)
Very large peptides
49
amino acid naming ex.
Ala-Gly - always left to right
50
classification of proteins (FG classifications for proteins)
fibrous proteins or globular proteins
51
hydrophilic part of amino acid held together by what bonds? (water-free pocket in london)
london dispersion
52
conjugated protein
protein that has a group other than amino acid, like hemoglobin has a heme group
53
Denaturation is the
loss of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure
54
sugar and base in DNA and RNA is connected by what? (sugar base need glycosin)
β-N-glycosidic bond
55
nucleoside naming - RNA and DNA (just one difference)
DNA starts w/ deoxy - deoxyadenosine and RNA doesn't - adenosine
56
Chargaff’s rule (Char made it fair)
amount of A and T are always the same, and amount of G and C are always the same
57
strands of DNA are anti-parallel - just means...
one goes 5 - 3, and the other 3 - 5
58
DNA polymerases (Poly is a court reporter)
just an enzyme that helps w/ transcription
59
template strand can only be read going which direction? (template is the fake one)
3 to 5
60
which strand can grow continuosly?
only the leading strand
61
which DNA strand is transcribed? (use the template)
the template strand
62
exon (gene exits)
small section of DNA that holds code for gene
63
codons always written in what direction (codons are OG)
5 - 3
64
complete combustion of propane (car overheats, pour water on it)
propane + oxygen = CO2, water and heat C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + Heat
65
REMEMBER - acetone is...(3 nail polishes)
2-propanone - there are 3 carbons
66
boiling points (branches in soup heats faster)
Boiling points increase as the number of carbons is increased. Branching decreases boiling point
67
Boiling points - do more carbons increase or decrease it? (more carbons makes you higher)
Boiling points increase as the number of carbons is increased.
68
general steps of enzyme reactions (eses pee)
E + S ↔ ES → P + E
69
where are substrates held in the enzyme? (the only active place in an enzyme)
in the active site
70
Ser-Ala   →   Ser  +  Ala - what enzyme reaction is this? (separate w/ water)
hydrolase
71
What kind of force holds two nucleotides together in an oligonucleotide (always think phosphate with DNA)
phosphodiester
72
What kind of force holds two oligonucleotides together in DNA (olga gets the hydro)
hydrogen
73
DNA replication (replicate the fork, pair it with good wine, poly around 5 or 3, and lig up after)
Replication proteins bind to double stranded DNA at origins of replication. The double helix opens and two replication forks form. A base on the DNA pairs with its complementary base free in solution. DNA polymerase forms bonds between a 5'-phosphate of one nucleotide and a 3'-hydroxyl of another. DNA ligase connects short segments of DNA on one strand
74
where is the codon located? (mina has the code)
mRNA
75
where is the anticodon located? (transfer the anti-trust, mina has the code)
tRNA
76
What is the overall process of pyruvate oxidation
Pyruvate + CoA ---- acetyl-CoA + NADH + CO2
77
overall process of citric acid cycle?
acetyl-CoA - 2CO2 + CoA + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP
78
a glcyosidic bond is just..(the O, sugar)
an ether bond
79
if a sugar is reduced, it won't have...
a double bond
80
if a sugar is oxidized, it will have...
a double bond
81
REMEMBER, just because something has OH or P doesn't mean it's....
polar. COUNT the carbons. If there are a bunch, it's always nonpolar
82
omega fatty acid has a__at the end of the chain
COOH
83
zwitterion structure (zwitserland gets an extra one)
NH3+ and COO-
84
The peptide bonds that combine amino acids in a protein..(THINK, the N is combining with C=O-O)
amide
85
Hydrophobic interactions help to stabilize the __________ structure(s) of a protein
secondary and quaternary
86
how to tell if it's a hemiacetal or a hemiketal
hemiacetal has an OH and an H, hemiketal has an OH, and the others carbon
87
how to tell a ketal from acetal
acetal has an H, ketal just has carbons
88
amide and ester naming (amide and ester both left parents)
amide - attached to N on right is N-chain, left is butanamide - parent ester - left is parent

XIO (400 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions