Chem exam 2-2

Question 1

IUPAC name for methylacetate (ester is split personality - 2 names)

Answer 1

methylethanoate

Question 2

ester is…(ester in the OC OC)

Answer 2

OCOC

Question 3

amidation (amidation of a box and ammonia)

Answer 3

making amides - carboxylic acid with NH3, NH2, or NH

Question 4

amides and amines are basic or acidic?

Answer 4

basic

Question 5

amide or carboxylic acid higher bp?

Answer 5

amide - really high

Question 6

amines or amides are more basic?

Answer 6

amines - BC the carbonyl group on amides is not an electron donor

Question 7

naming amides (am I’d going to have to split the C and N?)

Answer 7

the part attached to the C=O ends in amide, ie - butanamide - anything attached to the NH is a substituent - name it N-akyl, like N-methylbutanamide

Question 8

naming ethers (ether split in half and name)

Answer 8

it’s just C-O-C - no double bond. Double bond is ester. ethyl methyl ether.

Question 9

when naming ethers…(ether one side and the other in alphabetical)

Answer 9

neither side has priority - it’s alphabetical - ethyl methyl ether

Question 10

if a branch is O-CH3 it’s called…

Answer 10

methoxy - oxy at the end

Question 11

remember - amides will have an….

Answer 11

O - so it may be written like CONH2

Question 12

naming esters (I ate my ester)

Answer 12

the left side starting with the C=O is the acid, so name it oate. The right side is first.
The right side starting with the C is the akyl group - so methyl, etc.

Question 13

naming esters

Answer 13

the right side is first, the left side second ending in ate.

Question 14

difference btwn aldehydes and carboxylic acids

Answer 14

aldehydes have C (double bond) OH, and carboxylic acids have COOH, or C(double bond) O, OH group.

Question 15

aldehydes end in…(AL-dehydes)

Answer 15

al.

Question 16

a low pKa is more or less acidic than a high pKa?

Answer 16

a low pKa is more acidic

Question 17

DON’T forget the C bonded to the..

Answer 17

=O

Question 18

common name for propanedioic acid?

Answer 18

malonic acid

Question 19

IUPAC name for carboxylic acid when it’s added to the end of a ring (lord of the rings gets the full box)

Answer 19

has carboxcylic at the end - ie - cyclopentanecarboxylic acid

Question 20

if you see an amide that looks like this -

C-C - N
||
O

Answer 20

just ignore the O when naming, it’s still just an amide. So ethanamide

Question 21

amines with 5 carbons are still…

Answer 21

water soluble

Question 22

geometry of amines is..(amine is in Egypt)

Answer 22

trigonal pyramidal

Question 23

when naming amines, any substituent off of the N will be named…

Answer 23

N-akyl, ie - N-methyl

Question 24

amines are acids or bases? (am I on base?)

Answer 24

bases

Question 25

common naming system (ethyl is so common)

Answer 25

will be ethyl, methyl. IUPAC will be numbering the chain

Question 26

formic acid (formica HiCOOH)

Answer 26

HCOOH

Question 27

when the OH group is removed from carboxylic acid, it's called

Answer 27

oyl, ie - benzoyl group

Question 28

add dioc to the end of the name if...

Answer 28

there are 2 carboxylic groups, ie butanedioc acid

Question 29

low weight unsubstituted amides (NH2) are...(state of matter also)

Answer 29

solid (except formamide) and they are soluble in water and organic solvents

Question 30

when naming ketones the common way, remember...(key out the C)

Answer 30

``` it's split in half, but you DO NOT count the C attached to the O. The O || C is like an independent group. ```

Question 31

addition reactions with ketones and aldehydes is...(add water to the hyde in the keys)

Answer 31

just the addition of water (the H bonds with the O, and the O and the other H bond with the C, and the double bond is gone.

Question 32

hemiacetals and hemiketals are formed when...(hemi alchy)

Answer 32

alcohol is added to ketones and aldehydes

Question 33

what has to be added to an alcohol and ketone or aldehyde to form an acetal or ketal?

Answer 33

acid catalyst

Question 34

REMEMBER, benzyl is..(benzyl my methyl)

Answer 34

benzene with CH2 attached

Question 35

if you have phenyl ether or diphenyl ether...

Answer 35

it's just 2 phenyls with an O in the middle. the carbons are there but you don't need to draw them

Question 36

if you're drawing an aldehyde it should look like this...

Answer 36

O || C \ H

Question 37

don't forget to count the C attached to the____on an aldehyde

Answer 37

=O

Question 38

the ONLY time you don't count the carbon is when...

Answer 38

it's attached to ketone and you're doing common naming (split in half)

Question 39

remember, if you're using IUPAC to name ketones...

Answer 39

count all of the carbons in the chain

Question 40

boiling points from highest to lowest - ketones, ethers, alcohols

Answer 40

alcohols, ketones, ethers (the double bond makes the bp higher for ketones and aldehydes)

Question 41

if you see a formula with carboxylic acid plus an OH somewhere and heat and H+ it's...

Answer 41

esterification. THEN you just take the OH off of the caboxylic acid and add it with one H from the other alcohol and move it over to make + H2O. Combine the rest of it to make O-CH3 at the end.

Question 42

if see a formula with something plus NH2, it's...

Answer 42

amidification. You simply take one H from the NH group and combine with the OH to make + H2O. Then add the remaining NH to the C on top

Question 43

only use N or N, N with..

Answer 43

amines and amides

Question 44

when naming amines...

Answer 44

anything coming off of the N is a substituent - so it would be named yl, like cyclopentyl amine

Question 45

when naming amines, if you see a benzene with the NH attached, REMEMBER to name it

Answer 45

aniline

Question 46

all amines can form what bonds?

Answer 46

hydrogen bonds, BUT only primary and secondary amines can hydrogen bond with each other.

Question 47

which has the highest bp? alkanes, amines or alcohol?

Answer 47

alcohol first, then amines, then alkanes

Question 48

amines plus water are...

Answer 48

weakly basic because the form -OH (the H from water joins with NH2 to make NH3) and the O and H from water form to make + -OH)

Question 49

amines are acids or bases?

Answer 49

bases - because the lone pair of electrons on the H can form an H+ bond with acids or water

Question 50

a base ___a hydrogen

Answer 50

accepts

Question 51

if you have an amine attached to 4 other things (quatranary) name it..

Answer 51

ammonium ion at the end

Question 52

naming amines - if there are no branches, it's just

Answer 52

amine - ex. ethanamine is CH3CH2NH2. IF there are branches, then it's N-alkyl amine

Question 53

when trying to identify esters, carboxylic acids, and amides..

Answer 53

they are all carbonyl groups, they just have different things attached to the C=O. Ester has C-O attached, amide NH and carboxylic - OH

Question 54

carboxylic acid - can it H bond with itself?

Answer 54

yes, and it's liquid at room temp

Question 55

H2C=CHCOOH name

Answer 55

propenoic acid

Question 56

remember - if a carboxylic acid is attached to ring, cyclic structure, name it...

Answer 56

carboxylic acid, ie. cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

Question 57

if you see benzene w/ NH2 and carboxylic acid attached (COOH) name it...

Answer 57

amino benzoic acid - not analine

Question 58

small alcohols, Small acids, Amines and amide are or are not water soluble?

Answer 58

they can be dissolved in water

Question 59

aldehyde and ketone intermolecular forces

Answer 59

dipole-dipole

Question 60

aldehyde and ketone - hydrogen bonding?

Answer 60

not with each other but can with water

Question 61

intermolecular forces amines

Answer 61

dipole dipole, and primary and secondary can hydrogen bond with themselves

Question 62

carboxylic acid - intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding?

Answer 62

dipole dipole and can H bond with themselves

Question 63

intermolecular forces - esters and H bonding

Answer 63

they are dipole dipole and can't H bond with water bc they don't have an H

Question 64

amide intermolecular forces and H bonding

Answer 64

dipole dipole and have highest BP bc the N and H's can bond with water and themselves

Question 65

Hydrogen bonding w/ amides

Answer 65

just 1st and 2nd, tertiery doesn't have H to bond with

Question 66

Polar dissolve in...

Answer 66

polar solvent such as water

Question 67

The ability to make H-bonding increases the...

Answer 67

solubility in water

Question 68

can be dissolved in water (5A K can dissolve)

Answer 68

small alcohols, Small acids, Amines and amide, ketones, aldehydes - all small

Question 69

the more H to bond with, the..

Answer 69

higher the bp

Question 70

highest BP Alcohol, carboxylic acid, amines and aldehydes?

Answer 70

carboxylic is highest bc it can H bond with itself - so strong that the bp increases

Question 71

BP in order - everything! lowest to highest | Boil the sake The As, HAKE ACAA

Answer 71

alkane-alkene-alkyne (dispersion forces) --> halogens, aldehydes, ketones, esters (dipole-dipole only since hydrogen is only bonded to carbon)---> alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides. (hydrogen bonding).

Question 72

last 4 bps - lowest to highest (ACAA)

Answer 72

alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides.

Question 73

if BP is below room temp, it's a...

Answer 73

gas