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XIO > Chem ch 26 > Flashcards

Chem ch 26 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

DNA and RNA responsible for…

A

DNA - storing genetic info

RNA - transfer genetic info from one organism to another, or one generation to another

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2
Q

before cell begins dividing, it contains…(the messy ball)

A

chromatin - a tangle of DNA

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3
Q

during cell division, the nucleus becomes..

A

more compact and organized into chromosomes

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4
Q

human has how many pairs of chromosomes?

A

23, 46 total

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5
Q

how many chromosomes in horses?

A

64.

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6
Q

mosquito has how many chromosomes?

A

6 total

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7
Q

nucleotides are the monomer of…

A

DNA and RNA

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8
Q

nucleoside makeup (makes up nucleotide)

A

molecule that has 2 parts: 1) sugar

2) heterocyclic nitrogen base

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9
Q

nucleotides parts (3 things)

A

1) sugar
2) heterocylic nitrogen base
3) phosphate group

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10
Q

nucleosides - RNA make up

A

sugar is D-ribose - you need to be able to draw this

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11
Q

nucleosides - DNA make up

A

dioxyribose - draw this

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12
Q

heterocyclic nitrogen base (the 2 bases)

A

2 bases 1) purine 2) pyridamine

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13
Q

3 of 5 bases are..

A

pyridamine bases

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14
Q

pyradamine bases (CUT The pyramid)

A

cytosine (C), thymine (T), uracil (U)

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15
Q

DNA - bases are..

A

A, G, C, T

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16
Q

in RNA, the bases are…

A

A, G, C, U

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17
Q

adanine and guanine are__bases

A

purine bases

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18
Q

cytosine and uracil are ___bases

A

pyradamine

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19
Q

how to name purine bases (pure oshean)

A

purine base drop ine and replace it with osine

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20
Q

how to name pyradamine bases

A

drop some letters and replace w/ idine

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21
Q

For example - how to name - sugar (deribose) Adenine - naming is..

A

adenosine

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22
Q

adenine RNA is the base, adenosine is..

A

(this is the nucleoside)

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23
Q

guanine RNA naming…

A

is guanosine

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24
Q

naming RNA uracil -

A

attached should be uradine

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25
RNA - sugar and cytosine naming
cytodine (this is the nucleoside)
26
naming DNA nucleosides (nucleoside is a sugar and a base) deoxiribose is..
deoxy adenosine (the Deoxy at the beginning means it DNA)
27
naming DNA nucleosides - deoxyribose guanine is
deoxy guanosine
28
naming DNA nucleosides - deoxiribose is
deoxy cytidine
29
naming DNA nucleosides - deoxyribose - T is
deoxy thymidine
30
A, G, T, C are the...
nitrogen bases
31
always add the phospophate group...
to the nucleotide
32
naming nucleotide if you have adenosine (this is DNA)
deoxyadenosine monophosphate (just 1 phosphate group) can also shorten it to dAMP
33
naming nucleotide if you have guanine (this is DNA) (gump)
deoxy guanosine monophosphate (dGMP)
34
naming nucleotide w/ cytodine (this is DNA) AND the short version
deoxy cytidine monophospate or dCMP
35
naming thymidine nucleotide (this is DNA)
deoxy thymidine monophosphate or dTMP
36
naming nucleotide for RNA -adenosine (just don't add the d at the beginning)
``` adenosine monophosphate (AMP) guanosine monophosphate (GMP) cytidine monophosphate (CMP) uridine monophosphate (UMP) ```
37
short version naming nucleotide (this is DNA) super short version
dA, dG, dC, dT
38
(this is DNA)
39
nucleotide has..(what element)
phosphorus - so if you have dAMP - the P on the end makes it a nucleotide. If you have a nucleoside, it won't have the "P"
40
ATP ---- (+H2o) ADP + P is..this is on exam
hydrolysis -
41
ADP + P --- ATP
this is phosphorylation
42
on exam - phosphorylation is ___hydrolysis is____(either exergonic or endergonic)
phosphorylation is endergonic, hydrolysis is exergonic
43
dont need to know structure of bases...
just draw circle and A, G, T, U, etc.
44
AG are what bases?
purine
45
know how to draw...
dAMP
46
dinucleotides (di is behind in numbers)
3' --- 5'
47
the backbone is the...
sugar
48
bond between 2 nucleotides is called..
diester phosphate
49
we read DNA starting with...
5' - 5 prime. ex 5' A G T 3'
50
the sequence of bases is called...(the sequence is the primary aspect)
primary structure of DNA
51
nucleic acid is polymer of
nucleotide NOT nucleoside
52
nucleic acid join by...
diester phosphate from 5' to 3'
53
three fundamental processes
1) replication of DNA 2) transcription 3) translation
54
replication
identical copy of DNA is made when cell divides
55
transcription
when all of the genetic info. in DNA (genes) are read and copied
56
the product of transcription is...
mRNA
57
transcription takes place in...
the nucleus and will go to protein synthesis site
58
translation process (messenger needs translation)
when genetic info from mRNA is coded and used to build protein
59
enyzmes open the double helix when..
it's being replicated
60
replication fork
where it splits
61
helicase (unzip hell)
the enzyme helping to open double helix
62
replication polymerase (replica poly does the opposite) just the numbers
moves from 3 to 5 to join nucleotide - it zips up the zipper
63
when polymerase is going same direction as helicase it's called the...(poly is leading heli)
leading strand
64
leading strand (leading the new trends)
the new strand on one side
65
polymerase direction is...
3' to 5'
66
3 ezymes during replication (replication needs hlp)
ligase, polymerase and helicase
67
difference between leading and lagging strand (akasaki is lagging) (leading goes w/ hel)
leading is continous in same direction as helicase, lagging is going short segment called akasaki
68
enzymes during replication (replicate hel and poly)
helicase, DNA polymerase
69
helicase
works with unwinding the double helix at the replication fork. this happens in many places (called origin of replication)
70
when helicase is open, the 2 strands..
separate, bases expose and bubbles form in which the replication process begins (at the replication fork)
71
DNA polymerase (poly is the reporter to transcribe)
move to the position, they help to facilitate transcription of the exposed single strand of DNA
72
NTPs
molecule carrying each of the 4 bases that are available one by one, H bonding are happening
73
DNA polymerase (poly zips up the jacket)
catalyzes the covalent bonding formation between 2 nucleotides (like zipping up jacket) between 5' phosphate and 3' OH
74
template strand
is the strand you use to make the new DNA strand

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