final review

Question 1

resection - abdomen is distended and no bowel sounds.

Answer 1

Postoperative ileus

Question 2

paralytic ileus has

Answer 2

N/V

Question 3

Who is at risk for fluid volume loss

Answer 3

Gastric ulcer, appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis

Question 4

acute liver failure - cause

Answer 4

viral hepatitis

Question 5

acute pancreatitis - sugars?

Answer 5

high

Question 6

acute pancreatitis - main symptom

Answer 6

pain

Question 7

reasons for NG tube

Answer 7

Alcoholism, chronic depression, anorexia
Cancer therapy
Coma
GI problems
Bowel prep

Question 8

CBI - triple lumen

Answer 8

balloon, input and output

Question 9

how to get K back into cells?

Answer 9

overhydrate

Question 10

mitral Stenosis - can cause what?

Answer 10

valve opening becomes narrow and restricts blood flow
Mitral stenosis can cause pulmonary congestion d/t backward flow of blood from atrium

Question 11

stenosis can cause what with the heart?

Answer 11

afib

Question 12

Regurgitation

Answer 12

blood leaks backward through a valve, sometimes due to prolapse

Question 13

regurgitation can cause what?

Answer 13

left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 14

Mitral valve prolapse - avoid what?

Answer 14

leaflet balloons back into atrium, mitral click. avoid caffeine, alcohol, smoking.

Question 15

Mitral valve regurgitation

Answer 15

blood flows back into atrium from LV during systole, becomes fibrotic

Question 16

mitral valve regurgitation - cause

Answer 16

mitral valve prolapse

Question 17

mitral valve regurgitation treatment

Answer 17

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers

Question 18

Mitral stenosis

Answer 18

valve leaflets thicken and fuse together obstructing blood

Question 19

mitral stenosis - cause (might you have a rhume?)

Answer 19

rheumatic endocarditis

Question 20

Aortic regurgitation

Answer 20

ackwards blood flow into LV from aorta, causes LV to dilate

Question 21

Aortic stenosis - what happens?

Answer 21

ventricular wall hypertrophies

Question 22

PVC

Answer 22

ventricular tachy

Question 23

CAD pt with tachycardia - risk?

Answer 23

MI

Question 24

metabolic acidosis

Answer 24

diarrhea, DKA

Question 25

metabolic acidosis - symptoms

Answer 25

hypokalemia, kussmals

Question 26

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 26

hypoventilation, COPD

Question 27

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 27

Alveolar macrophages are altered → increased infection risk

Question 28

Asthma

Answer 28

Abnormal sensitivity of cholinergic receptors. Small BRONCHI narrow.

Question 29

Cor pulmonale - main cause

Answer 29

COPD

Question 30

ARDS

Answer 30

fluid, damage to alveolar capillary membrane

Question 31

ARDs treatment

Answer 31

tracheal intubation

Question 32

preload affected by

Answer 32

venous pressure and the rate of venous return

Question 33

Chest tube - use

Answer 33

lidocaine

Question 34

increased preload =

Answer 34

increased SV

Question 35

Cardiac Cath complications (MIS cath)

Answer 35

ishemia, MI, stroke

Question 36

lung cancer - NO

Answer 36

fever or chills

Question 37

cholecysitis - where is the pain?

Answer 37

right shoulder

Question 38

pancreatitis - where is the pain?

Answer 38

LUQ radiates to shoulder

Question 39

pancakes are

Answer 39

grey and blue (cullen's and turner)

Question 40

cholecystitis (cole and murphy hang out together)

Answer 40

lay patient back and breath out, then breath in

Question 41

pancreatitis diet

Answer 41

low fat, high protein

Question 42

profuse vomiting? (profusely small)

Answer 42

small bowel

Question 43

Main symptom of GI cancer - (Gee I have fatigue)

Answer 43

fatigue

Question 44

gallstones

Answer 44

women over 40 mexican native american

Question 45

cholchangitis - who gets it?

Answer 45

males 30-40, UC major cause

Question 46

minute volume is

Answer 46

RR x tidal volume

Question 47

pulmonary HTN symptoms

Answer 47

dyspnea w/ exertion

Question 48

pleural effusion - fremitius?

Answer 48

decreased fremitus

Question 49

myocarditis - most common cause (Mei is dilated)

Answer 49

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 50

which cardiomyopathy impairs systolic?

Answer 50

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 51

HF w/ reserved ejection fraction (the left failed to reserve)

Answer 51

left ventricle contracts poorly and doesn’t empty. leads to increased preload and decreased EF.

Question 52

HF w/ reserved ejection fraction - left or right sided failure? (the right wing is reserved)

Answer 52

right

Question 53

HF w/ preserved ejection fraction (preserving the left)

Answer 53

left ventricle filling is impaired. the rest remains normal.

Question 54

congestive heart failure - race?

Answer 54

black males

Question 55

cardiac tamponade - BECs triad (BEC)

Answer 55

Becks triad - BEC - B - big jugular vein distention, E - extremely low BP, C - can’t hear heart sounds, muffled from fluid

Question 56

cardiac tamponade - symptoms (tampon on the right)

Answer 56

like right sided HF. Lungs will be clear, jugular distended. thready pulse.

Question 57

pulmonary artery catheter- which side

Answer 57

left ventricular preload

Question 58

MI in women

Answer 58

numbness and weakness

Question 59

most common symptom of pericarditis is

Answer 59

PAIN

Question 60

mitral stenosis symptom =

Answer 60

dyspnea

Question 61

greatest risk for HF

Answer 61

over 65

Question 62

metabolic acidosis - hypo or hyperkalemia?

Answer 62

hyperkalemia