chem exam 2-3

Question 1

1-4 alkanes are___at room temp

Answer 1

gas

Question 2

5-15 alkanes are___at room temp

Answer 2

liquid

Question 3

esterification is where..(face the equation ester)

Answer 3

you rewrite to make the OH and the H face each other to form H2O

Question 4

amide hydrolysis (amide switching back to hydro)

Answer 4

back to carboxylic acid and amine

Question 5

if you use acid (H+) in amide hydrolysis instead of water, it’s called

Answer 5

acid hydrolysis - it makes ammonium ion (you don’t understand this)

Question 6

if you use basic solution (OH-) in amide hydrolysis instead of water, it’s called (just the name)

Answer 6

base hydrolysis

Question 7

if you do carboxylic acid hydrolysis in basic solution, the result will be…(the hydro box with acid is chocolate)

Answer 7

a carboxylate ion

Question 8

if you do hydrolysis of amide in an acidic solution, the result will be…(acid changes you)

Answer 8

an ammonium ion - NH3 because you get one H from the H2O and the other H from the acidic catalyst - you add 2 Hs.

Question 9

when naming amines if there are differences on both sides of the N

Answer 9

name the longest one the parent and add amine. the other is the substituent - BUT use the akyl name for the parent as well if it’s common. IUPAC longest chain is parent and called propanamine

Question 10

amines are basic or acidic?

Answer 10

weakly basic

Question 11

strongest to weakest bases - amines

Answer 11

Nonaromatic Amines > Ammonia > Aromatic Amines

Question 12

trick - if the H is bonded directly to the O

Answer 12

it can hydrogen bond w/ itself

Question 13

when naming amines, if there is an OH and an NH2…

Answer 13

the OH has priority and it becomes an oxygen. The NH2 is the branch and called amino.

Question 14

if an amide is written in condensed form, it must have…(amide is a CON)

Answer 14

a C, O, and N somewhere next to each other

Question 15

ester and amide formation

Answer 15

the OH on carboxylic acid is replaced by OR group of alcohol. In amide the OH from carboxylic acid is replaced by NR from amine. Both produce bi-product of H2O

Question 16

in amidation, you’re only taking the..(amadeus only needs the N-oise)

Answer 16

N and the rest of the chain and joining it with the carboxylic acid. The other H from the N and the OH from the box join to form + H2O

Question 17

what undergoes hydrolysis?

Answer 17

ester and amides. Esters become alcohol and amides become amines

Question 18

tertiery amines can’t form…

Answer 18

amides (amidation) because they don’t have an H. They form ammonium salts instead

Question 19

if heat is the catalyst or involved, it’s…

Answer 19

amidation

Question 20

ester hydrolysis is caused by both…

Answer 20

acids and bases

Question 21

ester hydrolysis with an acid…(H2SO4) (ester on acid takes acid and alcohol)

Answer 21

is the reverse of esterification. Product is acid and alcohol

Question 22

ester hydrolysis with a base (KOH or NaOH)…(ester is basically a sap)

Answer 22

is saponification. The product is a carboxylate anion.

Question 23

remember, ester has…(O bonds)

Answer 23

a double O bond and a single O bond

Question 24

the product of amide hydrolysis?

Answer 24

carboxylic acid and amine

Question 25

if you have a carboxylic acid attached to a benzene with NH2 or something, name it...

Answer 25

don't name it analine, name it aminobenzoic acid

Question 26

esters attached to cyclical or benzene will look like this...

Answer 26

O || CO - (the other C is here but you won't see it) (this is the benzene)

Question 27

ester naming will ALWAYS

Answer 27

be split in 2, unless it's at the end

Question 28

COOC

Answer 28

ester - might be written this way

Question 29

COC

Answer 29

ketones can literally be written like this - you tell the difference between this an ether by looking at the surrounding carbons. If they are CH2, then you know it's an ether because it's a single bond.

Question 30

trick - if molecule has H bonded to N or O it can...(HON can hydrogen bond with itself)

Answer 30

hydrogen bond w/ itself (remember aldehydes have CHO, but the O is bonded to the C, not the H)

Question 31

ketones and aldehydes only soluble up to...

Answer 31

3 carbons. 4 is not soluble

Question 32

when will a ketone give a positive benedict's test?

Answer 32

if there is an OH next to the carbonyl group

Question 33

reduction of ketones and aldehydes w/ reducing agent and H3O

Answer 33

the reducing agent adds one H to the free C (which you might not see) and the H3O adds one H to the O. The biproduct is + H2O

Question 34

common naming of ketones

Answer 34

it's just alphabetical - ie methyl propyl ketone

Question 35

aldehyde on benzene will look like this...

Answer 35

O || benzene - / \ H

Question 36

hemiketals and hemiacetals

Answer 36

formed when OH is added to aldehyde or ketone. When acid catalyst is added, they become ketals and acetals.

Question 37

how to tell the difference btwn hemiacetal and hemiketal and acetal and ketal

Answer 37

the hemis will have an OH group, the ketal and acetal will not

Question 38

naming amines (amine has parents, ketone doesn't)

Answer 38

the longest chain is the parent, ie common- proplyamine - IUPAC - propanamine

Question 39

ketones don't have parents, but..

Answer 39

amines do

Question 40

amine is basic or acidic (amine is soo basic)

Answer 40

basic

Question 41

when determining which amine has a stronger base...(little amine is the strongest on 1st base)

Answer 41

the smaller the amine the stronger the base - ie - methylamine is a stronger base than phenylamine

Question 42

amine are always named with...(amine's name means branch)

Answer 42

branches, methyl, propyl amine.

Question 43

if you neutralize an amine with a strong acid, it forms..

Answer 43

an alkylammonium ion

Question 44

if you see something attached to NH2+, name it...

Answer 44

ammonium ion

Question 45

to rank the bp of amines...

Answer 45

the NH2 has the highest bp because it make the most hydrogen bonds, then go down from there

Question 46

oxidizing aldehyde turns it into a...(Ox ald, you're a box)

Answer 46

carboxylic acid. You're just adding one O to the H.

Question 47

reducing aldehydes and ketones (reduce the double bond ald)

Answer 47

the H makes the double bond single

Question 48

esterification (OH ester, take the H and move)

Answer 48

the OH on the carboxcylic acid is replaced by the H on an alcohol. The OH and H are moved aside to form H2O.

Question 49

amidation (the car and amine make amide)

Answer 49

the OH on the carboxcylic acid is replaced by the NR on an amine to make an amide

Question 50

hydrolysis does what?

Answer 50

reverses amidiation and esterification - it adds the Hs back

Question 51

if you have an ester that has an alkyl group on the side with the C=O, name it...

Answer 51

methyl 4-methylpentanoate. The alkyl stays with the parent chain, not in front of it.

Question 52

acetate looks like this (it's an ester)

Answer 52

O || CH3CO

Question 53

esterification and amidation

Answer 53

you're making H2O as a biproduct.

Question 54

hydrolysis ester and amide

Answer 54

you're making OH as a biproduct