Moment 14 Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
graph that represents a proportional relationship - how to tell?
A
if it doesn’t pass through 0, it’s not proportional
2
Q
formula for surface area of a cylinder
A
s = 2(pi)(r)2 + 2(pi)rh
3
Q
range on a graph is just the difference between…
A
the highest and lowest number
4
Q
plants being tested with water, bleach, and salt. What is the control variable?
A
water is the control bc it is the normal reference point. What everything else is being compared to.
5
Q
control variable
A
water to bleach and salt
6
Q
hematocrit
A
ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume
7
Q
hemoglobin
A
protein in RBCs that contains iron, which oxygen binds to.
8
Q
axilla
A
armpit
9
Q
normal microflora
A
commensal organisms
10
Q
what produces cytokines? (not T)
A
macrophages
11
Q
mature T cells are activated into what types of cells? (T helps toxic memory)
A
helper T, cytotoxic (killer), and memory cells
12
Q
helper T cells secrete..(T helps luke)
A
interlukin (chemical messengers)
13
Q
critical role of T cells (Mr. T makes bees)
A
to activate B cells
14
Q
B cells - mature where? (B cells grow in B marrow)
A
mature in bone marrow and make antibodies. B cells multiply into plasma cells.
15
Q
immunoglobulins also called…
A
antibodies
16
Q
humoral immunity
A
antibody-mediated immunity
17
Q
reaction to bee sting
A
active immunity
18
Q
location of osteocytes
A
collagen matrix
19
Q
osteocytes maintain…(cyte supervisor)
A
bone, and their projections sense physical stress on bones
20
Q
bone mineral reabsorption is done by…
A
osteoclasts. it removes calcium from bone so it can enter the bloodstream
21
Q
deficits in plasma calcium causes…(lock jaw)
A
tetany, an involuntary and continuous contraction of muscle
22
Q
blood clotting requires..
A
calcium
23
Q
osteoblast secretions allow..
A
mineralisation in bones. The deposit is in the form of hydroxyapatite
24
Q
produce a highly organized collagen matrix (makers)
A
osteoblasts
25
cell communication between lacunae occurs through..(can I call u?)
tunnels called canaliculi
26
volkmann's canals
break in the haversian canal. Blood vessels are HERE!
27
has few osteons
spongy bone
28
bone marrow resides in...
spongy bone
29
group of concentric lamellae is called..
osteon. it's the tree trunk
30
yellow bone marrow lies within...
the medullary cavity of long bone
31
periosteum
thin layer that covers bones and allows for attachment of ligaments and tendons
32
atlas
C1 - nodding yes
33
axis
C2 - shaking no
34
noncovalent bonds, like hydrogen, are..
weak
35
smallest molecules (smallest FANS are the best)
sugar, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides
36
3 classes of macromolecules (PPN is too classy for mac)
polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids
37
every single macromolecule is a..
polymer linked with subunits. subunits are monomers
38
type of bond that holds sugar together
covalent
39
forming a covalent bond in a macromolecule requires...
energy, that usually comes from ATP
40
dehydration reaction also called...
condensation reaction
41
dehydration occurs when...(ATP fights w/ water)
energy from ATP pushes away a water molecule from a sugar molecule. The water is removed.
42
built from dehydration process (PPN looks dehydrated)
polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids
43
function of a macromolecule is dependent on its..(micro)
3-dimensional shape
44
hydrogen bonds are...(type of bond is..) (H doesn't play)
non-covalent, like ionic bonds.
45
chemical reaction that coverts polymer of glycogen into monomers of glucose is..(sugar is special)
hydrolysis
46
chitin and cellulose
great strength, provides support skeleton to animals and plants (cellulose - plants)
47
every protein is built from...(how many?)
20 kinds of amino acids
48
proteins are made from linking amino acids through...
dehydration, and they form a covalent bond called a peptide bond
49
virtually every chemical reaction in a cell is carried out by an..
enzyme - enzymes are protein.
50
ex of structural proteins (structure of face)
collagen
51
proteins that serve as transporters ex.
hemoglobin or ion channels
52
most important job of RNA
convert information stored in DNA into protein
53
lipids are NOT true...
polymers because they are not built from monomers
54
lipids are made up of mostly..(what are the bonds made of)
carbon and carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. These types of bonds do not interact with water
55
saturated fatty acid made of...(single fat)
single bonds between carbon atoms
56
unsaturated fatty acids made of...(you can bond if you're un)
double bond between 2 carbon atoms
57
unsaturated fatty acids melt at...
lower temps because they aren't packed as tightly
58
nucleotides form___bonds
covalent
59
the covalent bond in DNA is formed..(mom)
when a nucleotide bonds w/ another nucleotide via dehydration - the result is a covalent bond called a phosphodiaster bond.
60
deoxyribonucleotide is just made of...
sugar
61
DNA sides of the ladder are made of..
alternating sugars and phosphates
62
the bases are connected to the sides of the ladder via...
hydrogen bonds
63
most genes encode for..
proteins
64
some genes encode for..
RNA, like tRNA and rRNA
65
regulatory binding sites (regulate the code)
part of gene whose job it is to decode gene info
66
codons act as the...(can't code w/out words)
the words that make up a sentence
67
DNA makes RNA, which makes..
protein
68
RNA is made when..(where it all starts)
DNA unwinds, and proteins make a copy of one strand of DNA called complimentary strand of RNA.
69
the complimentary RNA is called..
mRNA. mRNA exits and binds to ribosome. ribosome reads each codon like a sentence. The codon is bound to tRNA connected to an amino acid. The amino acid is transferred from tRNA to a chain of amino acids connected to the ribosome.
70
total possible codons (keiffer codes)
64
71
replication of chromosome occurs during..(synthesize the chromosomes)
synthesis phase
72
duplicate chromosome pair called...
chromatid
73
humans are diploids, meaning
their cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes
74
King Henry Died By (B is 1) Drinking Chocolate Milk (this can be used for meters, liters, and grams) MLG
1000, 100, 10, 1, .1, .01, .001 (move the decimal however many decimal points is spaces in the acronym)
75
(3x - 4) (x + 5) =
3x(2) + 15x - 4x - 20. YOU NEED TO multiply the exponents
76
graph | x | < 4 (absolute value)
would be -4 to 4, with open dots.
77
2 hot dogs and 3 fries trick
write out both and then find a common denominator - 6. So if you add the 2 lines together (top and bottom) the 6 would cancel out.
78
random variable
a rule that assigns some number to an event - like a salary or something
79
expected value
the most likely value of a random variable - just the average
80
symmetric distribution (mirror symmetry)
each half mirrors the other when split in half
81
covariance
they way 2 variable change each other
82
direct variation
an increase in one causes an increase in the other
83
inverse variation
increase in one causes decrease in another - more workers takes less time to finish the job
84
ex. inverse variation - if 24 ppl can build a structure in 42 days, how long would it take 16 ppl?
```
p = k/t 24 = k/42
k = 24(42) = 1008
p = 1008/t
16 = 1008/t
16t = 1008
t = 63 days
```
85
independent variable on the___axis (Malcolm)
X
86
each orbital can hold__electrons
2
87
subshells (shells in the sun)
S, P, D, F (S closest to nucleus)
88
covalent bonds are typically formed in ___shells
P
89
extensive properties (extend in size)
depends on size
90
water has a___specific heat capacity
high, because breaking many H bonds takes a lot of energy
91
one main feature of osmosis (how it gets through)
semi-permeable membrane
92
unique property of water
it's a universal solvent
93
ex of expository essay...
how to make pizza. it teaches something
94
denotative meaning of a word
the dictionary meaning
95
connotative meaning of a word
the word's definition and the emotions associated with it
96
lymphocytes are just...
B and T cells
97
B cells have antibodies on..
their surface and they also secrete them
98
some B cells become...
plasma cells, and some become memory cells
99
active immunity is when..
your body makes antibodies
100
phases of interphase (grow, synthesize, grow)
G1 phase (cell growth), followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), followed by G2 phase (cell growth). At the end of interphase comes the mitotic phase, which is made up of mitosis and cytokinesis and leads to the formation of two daughter cells
101
g1 phase does not involve..
replication
102
s phase (S is Not Cool - NC)
nucleus and centrosomes are duplicated
103
g phase (g for growth)
cell grows and prepares for mitosis
104
m phase (think m)
can be either mitosis or meiosis
105
cytosol is...
cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is everything is cell EXCEPT nucleus. Cytosol is the liquid inside the cell. Cytoplasm is not the liquid, it's stuff.
