Eating Habits - second set Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
abortion caused by….
A
STG
gonnorhea and syphillis, toxoplasma
2
Q
toxoplasma causes…
A
abortion, birth defects, retardation
3
Q
rubella virus causes..
A
congenital birth defects and abortion, don’t give to pregnant women. targets connective tissue, missing organ
4
Q
CMV what type of virus
A
DNA virus. herpes family. targets retinal blood vessels, looks like cotton.
5
Q
Rubella is what type of virus
A
RNA virus
6
Q
HPV through cracked skin
A
protein deficiency
7
Q
conjunctuvita
A
common cold transmission
8
Q
through intact mucous membrane
A
SG
syphilis and gonhorrea. gonhorrea hitches ride on sperm cells. syphilis - corkscrew motion.
9
Q
through damaged mucous
A
CHHH
chlymidia, herpes, HPV, HIV.
10
Q
sequelae related
A
measles - SSPE - subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis. strep infect followed by rheumatic fever and glomeruloneprhitis.
11
Q
examples of diseases
A
CAM cystic fibrosis (genetic predis), artherosclerosis (diet and chronic inflammation), measles (virus). Difference between the 3 is they have different underlying cause.
12
Q
Downs syndrome
A
chromosomal abberation
13
Q
cause of AIDS
A
HIV. AIDS is a syndrome, many systems affected.
14
Q
SSPE
A
measles, enters CNS, no envelope, stuck in nerves. paralysis and death.
can recover from measles and enters into CNS, can’t aquire envelope, gets stuck in nerve cells. slow disease - leads to paralysis, eventually death.
15
Q
strep to rheumatic fever
A
80 strains of strep, antibodies can cross-react with heart valve antigen.
16
Q
glomerulonephritis
A
strep. inflammation of the glomeruli (filtration unit of kidneys). bacterial infection, makes antibodies, bacteria killed, bacterial cells and antibody settle. filtered into glomerulus, can lead to chronic infection.
17
Q
definition of pathogen with examples
A
HIV the etiologic agent of AIDS. Sars corona virus 2 is the etiologic agent of Covid 19. pathogen is the parasite and causative agent of disease is its host.
18
Q
frank pathogen
A
primary pathogen. always evolve with virulent factors.
19
Q
heliobacteria pylorii (helium)
A
survives natural acidic barrier, able to cross mucosal lining of stomach (causes ulcers). frank pathogen.
20
Q
virulent factor definition
A
enhances disease causing ability of bacteria
21
Q
3 virulent factors of H. Pylorii
A
HUF
- arrangement of flagella (lopotrichous flagella - bunch of flagella at one end of cell). provides thrust to cross mucosal barrier to epithelial. 2. HCO3 ion secretion (bicarbonate) neutralizes acid. 3. urease secretion - breaks down urea to ammonia and CO2. NH3 = basic compound, neutralizes the immediate microenvironment
22
Q
ex. of frank pathogens
A
TB, cholera, h. pylorri
23
Q
UTI
A
E. Coli
24
Q
ex. of non-pathogenic
A
S. epidermitis
25
super infection
yeast infection from antibiotics for another infection
26
Parenteral route definition
directly deposited into tissue beneath skin or mucous membrane puncture, injection, bites ( vertebrates / invertebrates), dryness and cracked skin area ( due to malnutrition, etc - not a true entry portal, rather a circumvention of entry route. bypass traditional route.
27
ex. of viruses and bacteria from parental routes (HHGHT)
HHGHT
| HIV, Hepatitis C and B virus and HPV. tetanus and gangrene. puncture wound.
28
During infection, each side
(human and microbe ) tries to outmaneuvre each other; in the process, often times both coevolves
29
primary pathogen has...
virulent factors, i.e. capsules, cell wall
30
opportunistic
e.coli and pseudomonas (ECCHO) yeast opportunist pneumonia
may be part of normal microflora, goes to new environment and causes disease, ex. e.coli. can also be in environment, ex. pseduomonas spc. elderly, chemotherapy, cancer patients, HIV, organ transplant
31
pnemocystis
causes pnemocystic pnemonia, lethal in HIV patients
32
super infection
yeast infection from antibotics
33
pseudomonas spc.
ubiquitious bacteria, can't get rid of it, grows in antimicrobial agents meant to kill bacteria. no harm to healthy person, cystic fibrosis patient can be fatal, colonizes in lungs.
34
burn patients
Lethal to burn patients bc of other complications. green color due to pseudomona colonization, no toxins secreted by pseudomonas.
35
colonization
MELLKS
| growth of microorganisms on epithelial, skin, mucosal, liver, kidneys, lungs.
36
intoxication
ingestion, presence of toxins in blood stream
37
cloistridium botulinum and solmonella
intoxication
38
infestation
presence of large parasites inside or outside the body, head lice, worms
39
asymptomatic
CCHPSS
present but not detected, HIV, but no symptoms of AIDS. advantage to pathogen, ex. STD, polio, CMV, syphillis, chlymidia (enters through damaged mucous), causes PID.
40
sign can be symptom also
nausea = symptom sign = vomiting, chill is a symptom, but shivering is a sign
41
the incubation period is...
variable. depends on host resistance, immune system, the specific microorganism. compromised immune system my drastically reduce incubation period - shorter.
42
subclinical
prodromal period. mono - feeling yucky. tingling before cold sores break out.
43
period of illness
Critical, patient may die if not treated. pathogen tries to invade. virulence factors may overwhelm immune, visible by rashes, fever, etc. eventually defense system takes over; this period ends
44
period of decline can cause..
secondary infection - immune system exhausted. ex. measles infection, turns into pneumonia.
45
long incubation
long incubation - rabies, leprosy, HIV.
46
short incubation
SEC
cold, ebola (high virulence, so short incubation period), Sars corona virus 2.
47
ex. of pathogenic (path to my nose)
S. Aureus
48
gram negative
pseuduomonas
49
pathogens that can cross placenta barrier
CRST
| CMV, rubella, syphilis and Toxoplasma only
50
placenta
effective barrier made by embryo most pathogens are prevented but some are able to cross - infect embryo / fetus and cause complications
51
pathogens that cross placenta cause...
DAMPEB
deafness, abortion, encephalitis, mental retardation, premature births, birth defects etc
52
HPV enters via...
microabrasions, cuts, wounds. targets living cells, infects basil epithelial.
53
HPV replication is...
synchronized with differientiation of cells, so when skin cells die from top layer, viral replication is complete.
54
avoids immune cells
HPV
55
HPV mucous membrane (areas)
gastrointestinal, respiratory, eurogenital system
56
chicken pox
varicella zoster virus. only herpes member that is aerosole. 2 diseases at the same time.
57
doesn't cross digestive
corona, just enters lower part - fecal
58
viruses in poop - through GI
Hep A, norovirus
59
constant flow of tears
inactivates and washes away many pathogens ( due to lysozyme in tears – part of chemical barrier of the defense system )
60
placenta basal membrane is...
poorly developed.
61
tb attacks..(cell wall)
pathogen targets alveolar macrophages. Pathogen has evolved with a cell wall containing mycolic acid that prevents killing inside macrophages and induces chronic inflammation in lungs called tubercles
62
disease can be due to...
host tissue damage or microbial waste products accumulation
63
spiral are found as...
individual cells, not grouped together
64
invasive pathogens enter through....
CEMPPS
| skin, mucous membrane, conjunctiva and eye, placenta, and parental route.
65
skin protects...
outer kerantised layer dead cell, some pathogens make their way via hair folicles (acne)
66
envelope viruses enter digestive...
through ingestion
67
Ebola - type of virus
RNA
68
Zika - type of virus
RNA
69
measles vaccine...
not given immediately after birth in developed countries but given immediately in underdeveloped countries.
70
herpes 1
cold sores
71
herpes 2
genital
72
sporadic CJD
parkinson's, etc
73
Areas affected by HIV
NIRD
| digestive, integumentary, respiratory, nervous - all systems
74
down's syndrome has
a global impact on the body
75
ex. of asymptomatic...
HIV infected, but symptomless for AIDS. Women asymptomatic for STDs, gonhorreoa
76
opportunistic pathogens only cause disease....
when body’s innate or adaptive defenses are compromised - takes advantage of weakened immune system - others wait for a wound / open lesion in epithelial barrier
77
signs are...
the objective manifestation of disease
78
clinical symptoms that are apparent (what disease)
in prodromal period - measles. Symptoms last 2-7 days
79
steps of disease in order
incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence
80
endospores....(w/ ex)
aka bacterial spores. glass beads structure. commonly made by the Gram (+)ve bacteria. clostridium and bacillus tentanae
81
endospores are produced in...(unfavorable)
response to unfavorable conditions. 1. nutrient depletion 2. presence of toxic compounds in enviro. 3. presence of radiation
82
single bacterium makes one spore for...
survival; not multiplication. they are metabolically inactive. spores are dormant structures and highly resistant to harsh environments
83
spores contain intact...
DNA, RNA, ribosomes and dipicolinic acid accompanied by increased Ca ions (essential for resuming metabolism later - during germination)
84
spore diameter in mother cell..
can be smaller, same size, or larger compared to mother cell.
85
spore has a keratinized...
cell wall and they are dehydrated. long stay outside.
86
Sporulation (sporogenesis):
process of endospore formation within vegetative or mother cell. Not a 1 step process
87
Germination (awake)
is the process by which the endospore returns to the vegetative cell
88
endospore location..
can be terminal, central, subterminal. can be useful for identification of bacterial cells
89
bacillus anthracis germinates..
in alveoli of lungs, makes toxins
90
clostridium botulism germinates in..
intestines, then secretes toxins.
91
primary pathogens ex.
TB, solmonella, cholera, micobacterium
92
opportunistic pathogen ex. PPECYS
PPECYS
yeast, E. coli, CMV, Pneumocystis carinii, S. aureus, pseudomononas
93
Period of decline
Period of decline: individual susceptible to secondary infection. signs and symptom fades, reduced malaise feeling
94
Period of illness (invasive phase)
signs and symptoms of disease becomes apparent, rashes, fever, etc.
95
examples of pathogens
HIV and Sars Corona Virus 2
96
bacterial cell anatomy (AACC)
cell envelope, appendages, cytoplasm, accessory structures
97
cell envelope
capsule, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane
98
External structures
includes cell envelope and appendages
99
Internal structures
are the accessory structures
100
accessory structures
chromosome, plasmids, ribosomes and inclusions
