eating habits - 13th set Flashcards
(91 cards)
Genome (genetic…and the exception) ex.
is the cell’s genetic information; mainly composed of DNA . exception is in a group of viruses belonging to RNA family of viruses - they have RNA as the genome instead of DNA. ex. covid, flu, HIV.
Chromosomes (hist)
are thread like structures within cells
- contains DNA and associated protein. in bacterial cells, it includes non-histone protein. in human cells, its histone and non-histone proteins.
Gene (specific - little piece)
is segment of DNA that codes for a specific functional product; many genes forms a genome
Gene expression (transcr. tranlat. dogma)
(includes transcription and translation) and Central Dogma.
translation in humans and bacteria always occurs in the…
cytoplasm.
transcription - bacteria - always occurs in (location)
cytoplasm. in humans, or eukaryotes, it occurs inside the nucleus.
every time a cell divides, 2 things occur - (copy and pass)
1) DNA replication and 2) gene expression in daughter cells
Viruses breaks the rule of central dogma (RNA to…CDM)
some viruses that have RNA genome make cDNA, then they make mRNA, then they make protein. this is reverse transcriptase.
central dogma holds good in biological world except…(retro)
for a group of viruses that belongs to retroviruses. they don’t follow the rule, they encode a reverse transcriptase.
retroviruses includes…(retro alphabet)
some DNA viruses, hep B (DNA virus) C D and E are all RNA.
among RNA viruses - the retroviruses are…
HIV.
reverse transcriptase is exclusively encoded by the…(sick)
viral genome. this means uninfected, normal cells dont have reverse transcriptase
reverse transcriptase is RNA is copied to…
DNA, not the other way around
viruses that are RNA genome can be…(double in Rio)
1) double-strand of RNA, as in reovirus family
2) single-stranded RNA genome
all RNA genome containing viruses….(his fav thing to say)
that code for RNA dependent RNA polymerase (different from DNA dependent RNA polymerase)
DNA inside cells exists as…(DNA inside cleaners)
linear polymer of deoxynucleotides
3 and 5 (strands of DNA) - (highway)
running opposite directions.
strands are in helix like structure (dimmers - Pony and pyramids)
2 strands are anti-parallel (?) A always with T, and G always with the C. purine always with pyrimidins bc it provides stable structure
helix backbone is made of…(mentos backbone)
pentose sugar and phosphate groups
the four bases forms the…(up)
steps of the ladder
base pairing occurs in a specific way
the 2 strands are complimentary
strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between…(baseball)
the bases
DNA structure is susceptible to…(morge)
heat or chemical (treat with urea or formaldyhde) denaturation (melting) melting is just separation of the 2 strands
it’s not the number but the…
sequence of nucleotide is important