Pharm study guide Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
I am an isotonic intravenous saline solution.
A
0.9 % normal saline (NS) or (NaCl)
2
Q
I can be given orally or as an enema to treat hyperkalemia. (styrofoam calms big kalema)
A
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (potassium exchange resin) - THIS IS KAYEXOLATE
3
Q
I am a blood product used for patients with coagulation disorders.
A
Fresh frozen plasma
4
Q
I am a natural protein used to expand plasma volume
A
albumin
5
Q
I am a hypertonic intravenous saline solution.
A
3% sodium chloride
6
Q
I am the principle cation located inside cells.
A
potassium
7
Q
I am the principle cation located outside cells.
A
sodium
8
Q
I am used to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of an individual’s blood, but I do not contain plasma. (packed so tight there’s no room for plasma)
A
packed RBC
9
Q
I am a derivative of sugar, and am used to increase plasma volume by drawing fluid into the intravascular space from the interstitial space.
A
dextran
10
Q
I am known as “half normal” saline and am given intravenously.
A
0.45 % saline solution
11
Q
montelukast (LTRA) - is it prophyaxis or chronic? (Luke is everywhere)
A
used for prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
12
Q
Provide a spacer if the patient has
A
difficulty coordinating breathing with inhaler activation
13
Q
furosemide caution - about standing…
A
caution to rise slowly after lying or sitting to a standing position due to hypotension
14
Q
60% of adult body weight is water. Death can occur when
A
20-25% of total body water is lost
15
Q
pink puffer meds
A
16
Q
ACH
A
triggers bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion and inflammation
17
Q
montelukast trade name
A
Singulair®
18
Q
montelukast is prophylaxis or chronic treatment? (Luke is always with me)
A
Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
19
Q
can use montelukast for children 2 and older for what?
A
allergic rhinitis. otherwise it’s
20
Q
montelukast MOA (Luke)
A
prevent leukotrines from attaching in lungs and circulation
21
Q
albuterol adverse effects (Al could have anxiety or be calm)
A
hypo or hypertension, vascular headache, tremors
22
Q
How long to wait in between albuterol and fluticasone (steroid) inhalations***
A
several minutes
23
Q
Acetylcystine - trade name (Ace has mucus)
A
Mucomyst
24
Q
Mucomyst*** and trade name (Ace has mucus)
A
breaks up the mucus in the respiratory tract and reduces its viscosity, making it easier to cough up and clear from the lungs.
Acetylcysteine Solution
25
normal GFR rates (GFR doesn't watch 120 min)
90 - 120 mL/min.
26
Potassium-wasting diuretics ex. (Thia's wasting is LOC o)
Thiazide and thiazide-like
Loop or high-ceiling
Osmotic
Carbonic-anhydrase inhibitor
27
loop diuretics ex (I'de do the loop if I were you)
Bumetanide (Bumex®)
Furosemide (Lasix®) *
Ethacrynic acid (edecrin®)
Torsemide (Demadex®)
28
loop diuretics and diabetes - can cause what?
Hyperglycemia
29
loop diuretics - risk of what? (pee out what?)
hypokalemia
30
furosemide used for
hypertension, acute congestive heart failure, edema
31
furosemide precautions - what happens when you lose too much water? and what else?
dehydration and hyperglycemia
32
thiazide diuretics - end in
azide, ex Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ®)
33
thiazide diuretics precautions (thia has too much calcium)
hypercalcemia
34
Hydrochlorothiazide - peak (thia peaked at 46)
4 -6 hours
35
Hydrochlorothiazide - used for what disorders (thia is insipidous)
diabetes insipidous, hypertension, CHF
36
Hydrochlorothiazide - when does it not work? (Thia doesn't like GFR)
when GFR is low
37
spironolactone peak (spiro is slow as hell)
48 hours
38
spironolactone MOA (excretes what and retains what)
excretes Na in distal, but retains K and H
39
mannitol trade name (Oz the man is a troll)
Osmitrol®
40
mannitol - MOA (man, oz is fast) - think - it's an osmotic
osmotic diuretic, increases osmotic pressure. RAPID. immediate onset.
41
mannitol uses (Oz is serious)
serious stuff - elevated ICP, renal failure, spinal cord pressure, intraocular pressure
42
mannitol precautions (Man, Oz and cold don't mix)
may crystallize at low temps, filtered IV only
43
acetazolamide trade name (Zola has diamonds)
Diamox®
44
acetazolamide type of drug (Ana and Zola)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (diuretic)
45
acetazolamide onset (Zola for just an hour)
1 - 1.5 hrs
46
acetazolamide uses (Zola on the mountain)
glaucoma, seizures, CHF, edema, altitude sickness.
47
acetazolamide precautions (Zola has Ca issues too)
hypercalciuria
48
acetazolamide adverse effects (Zola has kidney stones)
kidney stones. numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes, and taste alterations
(parageusia), especially for carbonated drinks.
49
take diuretics at what time of day?
morning to avoid nocturia
50
extracellular
Interstitial fluid (ISF): fluid in space between cells, tissues, and organs
51
crystalloids ex. (Krystal likes saline and sugar)
saline and dextrose
52
blood products Pull fluid from (blood is extra)
extravascular space into intravascular space (plasma expanders)
53
Cryoprecipitate and plasma protein factors (PPF) when (plasma is serious)
Management of acute bleeding (greater than 50% slow blood loss or 20% acutely)
54
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) (if it's frozen, it's clotting)
Increase clotting factor levels in patients with demonstrated deficiency
55
PRBC
packed RBCs
56
PRBCs and whole blood (Packed with oxygen)
To increase oxygen-carrying capacity in patients with anemia, substantial hemoglobin deficits
57
PRBCs: for blood loss up to____ of total blood volume
PRBCs: for blood loss up to 25% of total blood volume
58
Whole blood: for blood loss over_____of total blood volume
Whole blood: for blood loss over 25% of total blood volume
59
colloids are
protein substances, increase COP (colloid osmotic pressure)
60
colloids move fluid from
interstitial compartment to
plasma compartment
61
ex of colloids - AND
albumin (from humans) dextran (glucose)
62
crystalloids good for treating what? (krystal is good for dryness)
Better for treating dehydration rather than expanding plasma volume
63
crystalloid ex. (Krystal has saline, ringers, and D5)
Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)
Half normal saline (0.45% sodium chloride)
Hypertonic saline (3% sodium chloride)
Lactated Ringer’s solution
D5W
Plasma-Lyte
64
reasons to take colloids (collide with my liver, nephros, and burns) think, youre out of protein when what happens?
liver failure, nephrosis, burns
65
adverse effects of crystalloids (Krystal makes you puffy)
edema, may be short lived
66
hyponatremia symptoms (tu in kitchen)
Lethargy, stomach cramps, hypotension, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures
67
hypernatremia symptoms (red man salt makes my muscles weak)
muscle weakness, confusion, edema, Red, flushed skin; dry, sticky mucous membranes; increased
thirst; elevated temperature; decreased urine output
68
mild hyponatremia treatment
oral sodium and fluid restriction
69
severe hyponatremia treatment
Treated with intravenous normal saline or lactated Ringer’s solution
70
Burns pts can have what? (Kalema has burns)
burn patients can
have either hypokalemia
or hyperkalemia
71
what combined with digoxin can cause digtoxicity?
hypokalemia
72
hyperkalemia symptoms (Kalema is opposite)
Muscle weakness, paresthesia, paralysis, cardiac rhythm
irregularities (leading to possible ventricular fibrillation
and cardiac arrest)
73
Treatment of severe hyperkalemia (big kalema is severely bi)
IV sodium bicarbonate, calcium salts, dextrose with insulin
74
hypomagnesium treatment? (maggie hospital)
glue
75
K rate of infusion
Rate should not exceed 20 mEq/hour (only if on heart monitor) 10 if not
76
oral K must be
Must be diluted in water or fruit juice to minimize GI distress
or irritation
77
K IV - NEVER EVER
NEVER give as an IV bolus or undiluted
78
K with renal disease?
Impaired kidney function leads to higher serum levels, possibly toxicity
79
GFR rates
90, 60, 30, 15
80
albuterol trade name (albuterol provents)
proventil
81
what type of beta agonist is albuterol?
selective Beta 2
82
ex of Nonselective beta-adrenergics (the met doesn’t select)
metaproterenol (Alupent®)
83
metaproterenol trade name (I'll repent at the met)
Alupent®
84
does Sudafed cause rebound?
pseudoephedrine - nope. Orals don't cause rebound
85
can't use antihistamines with what illnesses?
asthma and pneumonia (or lower resp. diseases)
86
anticholernagenics ex (anti-IT)
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) and tiotropium
(Spiriva®)
87
asthma - Alveolar ducts - open or closed?
open, but air is trapped
88
decongestant rebound happens with what?
with inhaled or topical.
89
non-opioid anti-tussives work how? (tuss has stretched my patience)
Suppress the cough reflex by numbing the stretch
receptors in the respiratory tract and preventing
the cough reflex from being stimulated
90
ex antitussive - what is the generic name?
dextromethorphan (Vicks Formula 44®,
Robitussin-DM®)
91
Vicks generic (Vick is an orphan)
dextromethorphan
92
Luke and drug interactions - just check what before taking it?
there are many, and be sure to check liver before starting
93
use antitussives with what types of cough?
Used only for nonproductive coughs!
94
Beta2 (albuterol) - side effects (Al can go high or low with tension)
hypo or hypertension
95
Anticholinergics side effects (Colte makes me nervous)
dry mouth, palpitations, headache, anxiety
96
topical decongestants ex.
flunisolide (Nasalide®)
fluticasone (Flonase®)
97
tiotropium trade name (Tito has spirit)
(Spiriva®)
98
Ipratropium bromide trade name (Pro-vent pee with atro-vent)
(Atrovent®)
99
anticcccholernegics - anti-cccccecretions
you can’t pee with em tropium
100
H2 famotidine trade name (Pepcid if fam)
famotidine (Pepcid)
101
H2 , ranitidine trade name (rant about zant)
ranitidine (Zantac)
102
H2 - cimetidine trade name (cemented in tagamet)
cimetidine (Tagamet)
103
antihistamine contraindications (antihistamines hurt my heart, eyes, and kidneys)
Use with caution in increased intraocular pressure,
cardiac or renal disease, hypertension, asthma,
COPD, peptic ulcer disease, BPH, or pregnancy
104
antihistamine H2 (2 dine on my stomach)
H2 blockers or H2 antagonists
Used to reduce gastric acid in peptic ulcer diseasef
Examples: cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac),
famotidine (Pepcid)
105
benzonatate - what is it? (coughing on my benz)
anti-tussive
106
benzonatate trade name (Tesla is not a benz)
Tessalon Perles®
107
guaifenesin trade name
Mucinex
108
expectorants - implications - caution with who?
Expectorants should be used with caution in the elderly
109
if you take chewables, how long to wait before eating or drinking?
30 - 35 min
110
nasal decongestants - (think ephedrine) precaution with what patients?
Decongestants may cause hypertension,
palpitations, and CNS stimulation—avoid in
patients with these conditions
111
3 types of decongestants (AAC the decongestants on the test)
Adrenergics
Anticholinergics
corticosteroids
112
nonselective adrenergics (epi pen no beta)
alpha, beta 1, beta 2 - epinephrine
113
Nonselective beta-adrenergics (metros are nonselective, if you know what I mean)
beta 1 and beta 2 - metaproterenol (Alupent®),
114
Selective beta2
albuterol (Proventil®, others)
115
bronchodilators mimic what?
they sympathetic system
116
colloids - are they superior?
Superior to crystalloids in PV expansion, but more
expensive
117
types of crystalloids (Krystal can hydrate, isolate, maintain or go hyper with relationships)
Hydrating solutions
Isotonic solutions
Maintenance solutions
Hypertonic solutions
118
crystalloids are good for (Krystal lite is good for fluid loss)
fluid loss and promotes urine
119
Metabolic acidosis = you need what? (acid needs K)
K+
120
things that cause hypokalemia
Alkalosis
Ketoacidosis
vomiting
diarrhea
121
treatment for hypermagnesium *** (maggie in the hospital)
IV magnesium, calcium gluconate
122
Before giving potassium
assess ECG
123
one side effect of steroids (little kalema can't take steroids)
hypokalemia
124
Loop and thiazide diuretics cause (just peeing out what)
hypokalemia
125
H1 antihistamines ex (the 2 you have in the closet right now)
Examples: diphenhydramine (Benadryl®), loratadine (claritin®)
126
anti-histamines more effective (good preventative)
in preventing the actions of histamine rather than reversing them
127
when to give antihistamines?
should be given early in treatment, before all the histamine binds to the receptors
128
metaproterenol trade name (U repent at the metro)
Alupent®
129
disadvantage of colloids
May cause altered coagulation, resulting in bleeding Have no clotting factors or oxygen-carrying capacity
130
too much licorice makes kalema
little
131
never administer K how?
as an IV bolus or undiluted
132
what can be used with low GFR?
furosemide
133
what can be used with low GFR?
furosemide
134
Osmotic for..(renal disease)
oliguria
135
hyponatremia symptoms - what will BP be like?
hypotension
136
hypernatremia symptoms - temperature? (too much salt gives me a fever)
elevated temp
137
hyperkalemia -heart?
vfib and cardiac arrest
138
hypokalemia - legs and arms?
leg and arm cramps
139
hypomagnesium
loss of DTR
140
hypercalcemia
bone pain
141
hypermagnesium
usually asymptomatic
142
GFR levels below...
60 mL/min for 3 or more months are a
sign of chronic kidney disease. below 15 kidney faliure.
143
furious and Thia can't take
NSAIDs
144
thia causes...
gout - hyperuricia
145
what to monitor for with mannitol? (man oz makes me dehydrated)
dehydration bc it works so quickly
146
for fast expansion, use
colloids
147
packed red blood cells for
anemia
148
how to raise hemoglobin?
packed RBC
