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Pharm week 1 Flashcards

(114 cards)

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1
Q

d5 steps in nursing (ANPIE)

A
  1. Assessment- not Judgement….
  2. Nursing Diagnoses (human needs statement_
  3. Planning- with outcome identification
  4. Implementation- & Patient Education
  5. Evaluation
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2
Q

nursing addresses…(PESS FCC)

A

Physical
• Emotional
• Spiritual
• Sexual
• Financial
• Cultural
• Cognitive

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3
Q

drug classifications based on…(CMB in clinicals)

A

1) Clinical indication -(Bronchodilator)
2) Mechanism of Action – (biochemical
process through which a drug
produces its effect)
3) Body system - ( CNS)

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4
Q

legend drugs

A

need a prescription

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5
Q

Hx (it’s a false hex)

A

drugs had harmful additives & false claims

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6
Q

To be considered an ingredient
for a dietary supplement, must have…(CHAD VM concentrate on herbs, amino cavies and dietary supplements)

A

Vitamin
• Mineral
• Herb or botanical
• Amino Acid
• Dietary substance used by man to supplement diet by
Increasing total dietary intake (enzymes, organ tissue, or
glands)
• Concentrate, metabolite, constituent or extract

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7
Q

O/P/D/HL

A

onset, peak, duration, half life

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8
Q

MOA (moa chiv)

A

how drug affects the body

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9
Q

NTE (night exceeds)

A

not to exceed

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10
Q

S/E (you’re afraid of ses)

A

side effects

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11
Q

evaluate involves…(evaluate tracks, chiv side effects, and documents)

A

• - Track the daily dose
• - Check for Side Effects ( S/E)
• - Document the response

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12
Q

To determine Therapeutic Index

A
  • LD50/ Median effective dose (meaning - lethal dose for 50% of the pop. divided by the median effective dose for 50 % of the population)
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13
Q

human studies - phase I (initiate evaluation of phase 1)

A

Initial Pharmacological evaluation

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14
Q

human studies - phase II (control tu)

A

Limited controlled evaluation

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15
Q

human studies - phase III (3 ways to extend and evaluate)

A

Extended clinical evaluation

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16
Q

pregnancy category - A (A is a trimester)

A

Category A: Adequate & well-controlled studies have
failed to determine a Risk to Fetus in 1st Trimester of Pregnancy & No evidence of Risk in later trimesters

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17
Q

pregnancy category - B (be an animal)

A

Animal reproductive studies failed to
determine Risk to Fetus & there are no adequate & well controlled studies in pregnant women

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18
Q

pregnancy category - C (c, there is an adverse effect)

A

Animal reproductive studies shown an
adverse effect on Fetus & there are no adequate & well controlled studies in humans, but potential Benefits may warrant drug use in pregnant women despite potential Risks.

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19
Q

pregnancy category - D (delightfully adverse)

A

Positive evidence of human fetal Risk based
on adverse reaction data from investigational, marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of drug in pregnant women despite Risks

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20
Q

pregnancy category - X

A

Studies in animals or humans demonstrated
fetal abnormalities w/ positive evidence of human fetal Risk based on adverse reaction to use of drug in pregnant women clearly outweighs potential benefits

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21
Q
  • Phase IV is when…(learn in phase 5)
A

the marketing and widespread of drug use is how we learn.

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22
Q

nursing role - 10 basic rights (pdd rtrr eae)

A
  1. RIGHT Patient
  2. RIGHT Drug
  3. RIGHT Dose
  4. RIGHT Route
  5. RIGHT Time
  6. RIGHT Reason & Documentation
  7. RIGHT to Refuse
  8. RIGHT Education
  9. RIGHT Assessment
  10. RIGHT Evaluation
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23
Q

OS (so it’s your left eye)

A

left eye

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24
Q

OD (right eye od’ed)

A

right eye

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25
OU (o u have 2 eyes)
both eyes
26
ad lib
freely, as needed
27
Bid (bid twice a day)
twice a day
28
Prn
as needed
29
q (q every light)
every
30
q3h
every 3 hours
31
qd
every day
32
qid (quad)
four times a day
33
qod (every other qod)
every other day
34
tib
three times a day
35
if patient says they didn't get meds, first thing to do is?
Check medication administration recorded in EHR
36
do this if you make a medication error? (check this)
Records completion of an incident report in the medical chart Does nothing since the patient doesn’t experience any side effects
37
6 rights of medication (right MDD TRP)
1) right patient (2 unique identifiers - full name, dob, name band) 2) right medication (verify medication to MAR, then verify to the MAR when you put in med cup) 3) right dose (check math to make sure right dose and correct med is about to be given), then make sure dose is within therapeutic range. 4) right time (make sure to document if medication is late from pharmacy) 5) right route 6) right documentation - document that you gave meds - also educating the patient
38
do not use abbrevations
1) QD or QID - write once daily or every other day 2) IU - write international unit 3) MS or MG - write morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate 4) ug - write mcg 5) HS - write at bedtime, or half strength 6) TIW - write 3 times a week
39
100mg
Peak
40
50 mg
at 8 hours, 50% removed from body
41
25 mg
for 16 hr 1/2 life, 75 % removed from body
42
24 hours
12.5 mg,
43
pr route
per rectum
44
ex of human needs statement
altered safety needs (human response), risk for injury related to medication
45
outcomes (not smoking)
objective, real and measurable w/ timelines
46
implementation
nurse intervenes on behalf of patient, ie physical therapy
47
evaluation
monitoring patient outcomes
48
QSEN (patient is the center, then the team, then the evidence, then quality brings safety and info)
patient-centered care, teamwork, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.
49
assessment allows you to organize information in the form of...
human needs statements, which involves a problem, strength, or vulernability.
50
rectal drugs are given for what reason?
for systemic effects - reduce fever, anything system--wide
51
do sublingual and buccal bypass the liver?
YES, ie nitroglycerin
52
fastest to slowest routes for absorption
parenteral (IV), enteral, topical
53
when you can't do oral meds, what is good alternative?
rectal
54
subcutaneous
into fatty subcutaneous under dermal
55
injections into the superficial layer right below epidermal into dermal
intradermal injections
56
muscles have more blood vessels, so
they are absorbed faster than subcutaneous
57
topical can be a problem if...
the patient is having a reaction and they've already absorbed too much of the med over several days
58
do topical meds bypass the liver?
Yes, ALL but rectal
59
both first pass and non first pass - only one place
rectal
60
problems w/ topcial
systemic absorption is unreliable and erratic
61
transdermal is good for long or short periods?
long - delivered over 72 hours for example
62
can't use inhalation if...
patient has pulmonary disease
63
only drugs that are not bound to plasma proteins can...
be distributed to extravascular tissues (tissue outside of the blood vessel)
64
drug-drug interaction
2 drugs increase or decrease the actions of each other
65
P-450
responsible for metabolism of most meds
66
primary organ for excretion
kidneys, then liver and bowels
67
nonselective interactions (vancomycin is nonselective)
drugs that don't use enzyme or receptors, but they change the formation of cell structures, like distrupt the cell wall leading to cell death
68
supportive therapy
when a person is recovering from illness
69
phrophylactic therapy
prevent illness
70
more dangerous - low or high theraputic index?
low, there is little wiggle room
71
antagonist effects (1 + 1 = )
less than 2
72
most common adverse drug events are...
medication errors and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) `
73
idiosynchratic reaction
unexpected response to a drug
74
pharmacognosy (cognizant of nature)
natural drug sources, plants and animals
75
transfer to fetus occurs via
diffusion
76
when does the greatest amount of maternal drugs get absorped by fetus?
last trimester
77
neonate
birth to 1 month old
78
infant age
1 -12 months
79
child age
1 - 12 years old
80
polypharmacy
use of multiple meds by older ppl
81
ph goes up with what age group?
elderly - everything else decreases
82
kidney measured by
creatine
83
liver measured by
AST - tranferase
84
water soluble drugs higher or lower absorption in older adults?
higher bc they are more dehydrated
85
toddlers - meds explination
brief but concrete explinatiaon with realistic expectations of child's understanding
86
infants- giving meds
let parent rock or hold child
87
preschoolers giving meds
brief but concrete explinatiaon with realistic expectations of child's understanding, use magical thinking
88
meds for school aged children
explain and allow some body control. provide comfort. ok to cry. complete picture
89
pregnant women should or should not take over the counter meds?
generally not
90
drug polymorphism
patient's age, gender, size, body comp, and other stuff on the pharmokentics of drugs
91
phase 1
determine dose range
92
phase 2
drug effectiveness and adverse effects
93
phase 3
rare side effects
94
phase 4
further proof of therauptic effect
95
nurse practic act defines the...
scope
96
veracity
the duty to tell the truth
97
adverse drug event is (2 things)
adverse drug reaction and medication errors
98
drugs common in severe medication erros
anticoagulants, CNS drugs, and chemo drugs
99
half of all medication errors began with the..
medication ordering, then adminstration and dispensing
100
most errors during transition of patients to home occur due to
communication errors
101
affective domain learning
expression of feelings
102
words used for outcomes
demonstrate, describe, discuss, self-administer
103
herbal products...
are not FDA approved, so you can't rely on the labels.
104
human needs statement - example
altered oxygen - it's something you're doing for the patient
105
planning/outcome
patient remains hydrated, patient remains free from injury - something about an outcome
106
planning/outcome
patient remains hydrated, patient remains free from injury - something about an outcome
107
general anesthesia
loss of ability to feel pain bc CNS impulses are altered
108
local anesthetics
alter peripheral or spinal nerve impulses to eliminate pain
109
short acting barbs
pentobarbital and seconal
110
intermidiate barbs
butabarbital
111
long acting barbs
phenobarbital and mephobarbital
112
long acting benzos
clonazepam
113
intermediate acting benzos
alprozolam
114
short acting benzos
zolipem (ambien)

XIO (400 decks)

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